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Industrial water reuse challenges

Industrial water reuse challenges. Dr. Norbert Kreuzinger Technische Universität Wien Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management Karlsplatz 13/226-1 1040 Viernna – Austria norbkreu@iwag.tuwien.ac.at. Water use in industry – the frame.

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Industrial water reuse challenges

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  1. Industrial waterreusechallenges Dr. Norbert Kreuzinger Technische Universität WienInstitute for Water Quality and Resource Management Karlsplatz 13/226-1 1040 Viernna – Austria norbkreu@iwag.tuwien.ac.at 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  2. Wateruse in industry – theframe • Globally ~20% of water withdrawals for industry • ~90% of that amount is cooling water usually returned to the natural water cycle at the point of withdrawal • Very strong link between (production) processes and water quantity & quality required • from mining • to semiconductors 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  3. Isreuseofwastewater a topic at all? • Strong tendency in industry to reduce water withdrawal and per product use of water • Paper: 700 l/t -> 7 l/t • Steel: 280 m³/t -> 14 m³/t • How: • Increase of process efficiencies • Increase of internal recycling rate • Driver: costs • Pumping of water & treatment for discharge criteriavrs. recycling for internal reuse • Water – Energy – Nexus! 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  4. Closing the loop vrs. use of reclaimed water • Quality cascade • Loop can not be cycled “forever” • ~ 10 % “fresh”; unpolluted water has to be channelled in mainly due to losses in regeneration process and in the output stream to channel out material • Internal recycling - you know what you have • Quantity • Quality • Stability / constancy • Optimized technical solutions • Projectable costs 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  5. Reuse ofwastewater – shareofsectors GWI (2010) GWI/PUB Water Reuse Inventory, Global Water Intelligence 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  6. Industrial reuseofwastewater • Basically, technologies are available for all applications / purposes • Where there is “no” water, even today reuse in fields with very high quality demand (e.g. semiconductors in Singapure) • Reuse of municipal wastewater today mainly for • Petroleum Production and Refining • Mining and Metals • Power • Manufacturing / process water • Chemicals • Cooling 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  7. Industrial reuseofwastewater • Potential • Cooling Water • Once-Through Cooling Water Systems • Recirculating Evaporative Cooling Water Systems • Boiler Make-up Water • Industrial Process Water • Pulp and Paper Industry • Chemical Industry • Textile Industry • Petroleum and Coal 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  8. Industrial reuseofwastewater • Potential (cont) • process water (for example, concrete batching plants) • washdown water; • fire protection (such as sprinkler systems) • dust control/suppression • quarries and mines • Reuse of municipal wastewater for mining in US since 1940s • Open channel / closed systems • Prevention of aerosols to protect workers (exposure) 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  9. General challenges for industrial reuse • Substances in uwweg: • NH4 • contribution to corrosion • nutrient for biofilm growth • PO4 • precipitation with Ca; NH4; … -> scaling of pipes and pumps • Nutrient for biofilm growth • Solids • Fouling • “Salts & metals” • Corrosion • Precipitation • Pathogenic and environmental microbioloy 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  10. General challenges for industrial reuse • consequence • Protection of products, processes, machinery and workers • Targeted treatment for required quality to remove problematic substances may be high-> cost – benefit analysis • Channelling out of concentrated “brines” with “pollutants” • Addition of chemicals to prevent operational problems • Antiscaling agents • Antifouling agents • Hardness conditioners • … • -> topic “micropollutants” 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  11. Quality standards and requirements • Human health in focus • Technical requirements / other quality parameters are in the core interest of the industry. They will do what is necessary to protect their investments eg. Australia 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  12. Howtomotivateindustryforrecycling and reuse (internal & uww) • Advertising the possibility and providing a legal framework • Industry already faces consequences resulting from climate change effects on water availability and go for new permits • Link “trade offs” and deals related to permissions • Stringent discharge / effluent criteria • Higher costs for treatment needs to meet environmental requirements brings costs closer to those for internal reuse 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  13. 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  14. Uwwreusefromthepointof a „northern“ country • Even northern countries nowadays are keen on reuse du to climate • Summer 2018 • Burning forstszB Sweden • No rain in Helsinki for 4 month • Crop and corn did not mature • … • Lowest flow ever in Danube river • Cooling water for industry and energy production • Much less hydro electric power produced • “average” situation in a country < > Local situation 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  15. Example soccer fields in Austria • 1 soccer field: 105 x 68 m ≈ 7.000 m² • There is a standard for irrigation of soccer fields (DIN 18035-2) • Depending on construction of field (draining); type of lawn, weather conditions, … irrigation is needed al least 6-10 days after the last wetening rain event • 15 - 25 L/m² (15-25 mm) per irrigation event for 7.000 m² that is 175 m³ per irrigation event • 1 irrigation event corresponds to a daily flow of 2 L/s in a river ! • At 700-1000 mm/a rainfalltheirrigationdemandfor~2.000 soccer fiels in Austria ≡ 2.000.000 m³/a (≈ 40.000 EGWhyd) Kreuzinger 25.2.2015

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