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Grain processing

Grain processing. Grain Feeding. Grain Feeding. Acidosis Potential. 1) Wheat. 2) Barley. 3) Corn. 4) Grain Sorghum. Stock et al., 2006 . Grain Feeding. Grains Ranked By Rate Of Ruminal Starch Digestion. Fast. Wheat Barley High moisture corn (bunker storage)

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Grain processing

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  1. Grain processing

  2. Grain Feeding

  3. Grain Feeding Acidosis Potential 1) Wheat 2) Barley 3) Corn 4) Grain Sorghum Stock et al., 2006

  4. Grain Feeding Grains Ranked By Rate Of Ruminal Starch Digestion Fast Wheat Barley High moisture corn (bunker storage) Steam flaked corn, HMC ( stored whole) Dry rolled corn, steam flaked grain sorghum Dry whole corn Dry rolled grain sorghum Slow Stock et al., 2006

  5. Grain Feeding Area of ruminal pH below 5.6 during grain adaptation period Cooper et al., 1997

  6. Grain Feeding Total Intake of Diet by Hour and Concentration Level. Fulton et al., 1979

  7. Corn Processing- Diets without byproducts DRC HMC SFC DMI, lb 22.2a 21.8a 20.4b ADG, lb 3.64 3.55 3.60 Feed / Gain 6.10a 6.10a 5.65b Feed / Gain, % of DRC-- 100 108 Cooper et al., 2002 J. Anim. Sci.

  8. 24 HMC 28RECON 30 HMC Corn Processing- HMC and Reconstitution 100 80 60 ISDMD, % 40 20 0 0 56 112 168 224 280 336 392 Ensiling Period (d) DRC 35RECON

  9. 24 HMC 30 HMC Corn Processing- HMC and Reconstitution 100 80 60 DIP (% of CP) 40 20 0 0 56 112 168 224 280 336 392 Ensiling Period (d) DRC 28RECON 35RECON

  10. Corn Processing- HMC vs DRC Processing DRC HMC 15 28 P= Pens, n 36 36 DMI25.7 24.9 0.64 ADG3.95 4.02 <0.01 F:G 6.50 6.19 <0.01 2 x 6 factorial with hybrids, no process x hybrid interaction All diets contained 20% WCGF Harrelson et al., 2007 ASAS Midwest Meetings

  11. Corn Processing- HMC vs DRC Processing DRC HMC 15 28 P= Pens, n 36 36 DMI25.7 24.9 0.64 ADG3.95 4.02 <0.01 F:G 6.50 6.19 <0.01 2 x 6 factorial with hybrids, no process x hybrid interaction All diets contained 20% WCGF 4.8% Harrelson et al., 2007 ASAS Midwest Meetings

  12. Corn Processing- HMC and Reconstitution Processing DRC HMC RECON HMC RECON 15 24 28 30 35 DMI24.4 24.4 24.2 23.9 23.5 ADG3.43a 3.53ab 3.57ab 3.68b 3.65b F:G 7.14a 6.94ab 6.77b 6.49c 6.45c All diets contained 18% corn bran (part of CGF) Benton et al., 2005 Nebraska Beef Report.

  13. Corn Processing- with WCGF Processing SFC HMC FGC DRC WC DMI22.0 21.8 22.2 23.424.8 ADG4.25 4.15 4.17 4.24 4.18 F:G 5.18a 5.26ab 5.32b 5.52c 5.92d All diets contained 32% WCGF Calves fed 170 days, initial wt. = 667 lb Scott et al., 2003 J. Anim. Sci.

  14. Corn Processing- with WCGF Processing SFC HMC FGC DRC WC DMI 22.0 21.8 22.2 23.4 24.8 ADG 4.25 4.15 4.17 4.24 4.18 F:G 5.18a 5.26ab 5.32b 5.52c 5.92d Dieta 6.2 4.7 3.6 -- -7.2 Corn onlya 11.8 8.9 6.8 -- -13.7 aExpressed as % above DRC, calculated for entire diet and corn only (52.5%) All diets contained 32% WCGF Calves fed 170 days, initial wt. = 667 lb Scott et al., 2003 J. Anim. Sci.

  15. Corn Processing- with WCGF Processing SFC HMC FRC DRC DMI 23.4 24.0 24.3 24.2 ADG4.22b 4.02a 3.95a 3.98a F:G 5.54a5.97b 6.15c 6.09bc All diets contained 22% WCGF, 62.5% of respective corn Yearlings fed 117 days, initial weight = 845 lb Scott et al., 2003 J. Anim. Sci.

  16. Corn Processing- with WCGF Processing SFC HMC FRC DRC DMI 23.4 24.0 24.3 24.2 ADG 4.22b 4.02a 3.95a 3.98a F:G 5.54a 5.97b 6.15c 6.09bc Dieta 9.0 2.0 - -- Corn onlya 14.3 3.1 - -- aExpressed as % above DRC, calculated for entire diet and corn only (62.5%) All diets contained 22% WCGF, 62.5% of respective corn Yearlings fed 117 days, initial weight = 845 lb Scott et al., 2003 J. Anim. Sci.

  17. Corn Processing- with WCGF SFC GHMC RHMC FGC DRC DMI 21.3a21.4a 21.6a 23.0b 23.2b ADG 4.33 4.24 4.21 4.35 4.23 F:G 4.91a5.05b 5.13b 5.29c5.49d Corn only17.6 13.4 10.9 6.1 -- All diets contained 25% WCGF, 60% of respective corn Calves fed 152 days, initial weight = 677 lb Macken et al., 2006 Prof. Anim. Scient.

  18. Corn Processing- with WCGF SFC GHMC RHMC FGC DRC F:G 4.91a5.05b 5.13b 5.29c5.49d Fecal St 4.1a 8.4b 10.6bc 11.8c 19.2d GMD 3117 484 2901 515 4730 All diets contained 25% WCGF, 60% of respective corn Calves fed 152 days, initial weight = 677 lb Macken et al., 2006 Prof. Anim. Scient.

  19. Corn Processing- with and without WCGF DRC HMC SFC without WCGF F:G, diet only (80% corn)6.34 6.27 5.76 Improved, % above DRC-- 1.4 11.4 with WCGF F:G, diet only (55-60% corn) 5.70 5.44 5.21 Improved, % above DRC-- 8.1 14.6 Note: DRC is 13.2% better than whole (1 comparison) & FGC is 4.3% better than DRC in diets with WCGF (3 comparisons)

  20. Corn Processing- with WDGS WC DRC D/H HMC SFC FGC DMI 23.1a 22.6a 21.5b 21.0bc20.4c 20.4c ADG 3.85a 4.05b 3.91ab 3.89ab3.59c3.38d F:G 6.07a 5.68bc 5.61bc 5.46c 5.76b6.15a Corn: -11.2 -- 2.0 6.3 -2.3 -13.5 All diets contained 30% WDGS; 61.4% corn Calf-feds 168 days, initial weight = 700 lb Vander Pol et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef Rep.

  21. Corn Processing- with WDGS WC DRC D/H HMC SFC FGC DMI 23.1a 22.6a 21.5b 21.0bc20.4c 20.4c ADG 3.85a 4.05b 3.91ab 3.89ab3.59c3.38d F:G 6.07a 5.68bc 5.61bc 5.46c 5.76b6.15a Corn: -11.2 -- 2.0 6.3 -2.3 -13.5 All diets contained 30% WDGS; 61.4% corn Calf-feds 168 days, initial weight = 700 lb Vander Pol et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef Rep.

  22. Corn Processing- with WDGS Corrigan et al., 2007 Nebraska Beef Rep.

  23. Corn Processing- with WDGS Corrigan et al., 2007 Nebraska Beef Rep.

  24. Issues • With WCGF • more intense processing better • better acidosis control? • relatively larger improvement with HMC • not level dependent • assuming >25% diet DM

  25. Issues • With WDGS • DRC and HMC look good • SFC is less positive, WDGS = SFC? • Optimum level different • DRC: 35-40% (watch S) • HMC: 30-40% (watch S) • SFC: 15-20%

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