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This module covers the following four orders: • APODIFORMES — swifts hummingbirds & owlet nightjars • TROGONIFORMES

This module covers the following four orders: • APODIFORMES — swifts hummingbirds & owlet nightjars • TROGONIFORMES — trogons • CORACIIFORMES — rollers, kingfishers, & allies • BUCEROTIFORMES — rollers, kingfishers, & allies. Hummingbirds, Swifts & Owlet-Nightjars.

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This module covers the following four orders: • APODIFORMES — swifts hummingbirds & owlet nightjars • TROGONIFORMES

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  1. This module covers the following four orders: • APODIFORMES —swifts hummingbirds & owlet nightjars • TROGONIFORMES — trogons • CORACIIFORMES —rollers, kingfishers, & allies • BUCEROTIFORMES —rollers, kingfishers, & allies

  2. Hummingbirds, Swifts & Owlet-Nightjars Green-crowned Brilliant, Costa Rica

  3. *ORDER APODIFORMES — Swifts, Hummingbirds & Owlet-Nightjars — 4 families; 437 species Range: worldwide Morphology/ecology:highly aerial, long wings, tiny feet; Behavior: all hummingbirds lay 2 eggs, only females parental; swifts monogamous, biparental Taxonomic notes: owlet nightjars used to be in with nightjars and allies (Caprimulgiformes) but are now in this order as a basal group Important families: *Apodidae: swifts *Trochilidae: hummingbirds (New World only) Aegothelidae: owlet-nightjars

  4. Family Apodidae: swifts dull colored aerial insectivores bill short, flattened, with broad gape © Mike Danzenbaker White-throated Swift, California

  5. Family Trochilidae: hummingbirds bill very long & slender, straight or decurved nectarvores, males are often colorful with patches of iridescence Green Violetear, Costa Rica

  6. Rufous Hummingbird, B.C.

  7. Mexican Sheartail, Mexico

  8. Family Aegothelidae:owlet-nightjars baby Austrailian Owlet-Nightjar

  9. Trogons & Quetzals Resplendent Quetzal, Costa Rica

  10. *ORDER TROGONIFORMES — Trogons — 1 family; 39 spp Range: Pantropical Morphology/ecology:colorful arboreal birds of tropical and subtropical forests; big head & short neck; tail long, graduated, square-tipped; feet small, heterodactyl Behavior: nest in cavities in trees, or in a couple of species, in wasp or termite nests Other notes: quetzals have spectacular long upper tail coverts that give them the appearance of having long tails

  11. female Resplendent Quetzal, Costa Rica

  12. wild avocados Quetzal food

  13. Kingfishers & Allies Grey-headed Kingfisher, Kenya

  14. *ORDER CORACIIFORMES — Rollers, Kingfishers, & Allies — 6 families; 148 species Range: worldwide Morphology/ecology:diverse group of mostly arboreal birds with large heads, large prominent bills; feet generally small, syndactyl; often colorful plumage Behavior: cavity nesters; altricial young, cooperative breeding (helpers) is common Other notes: Interesting feathers in some groups (racquets on motmot tails) Taxonomic notes: hornbills & allies removed from this order and placed in their own order (Bucerotiformes) Important families: *Alcedinidae: kingfishers Momotidae: motmots Meropidae: bee-eaters

  15. Family Alcedinidae: kingfishers worldwide; wetland birds that dive for fish or dry area birds that eat herps, etc Malachite Kingfisher, Kenya

  16. Blue-winged Kookaburra Australia

  17. Family Motmotidae: motmots Neotropics; cool racquets on the tail, used for anti-predation & mating Turquoise -browed Motmot Costa Rica

  18. Family Meropidae: bee-eaters Old World; eat bees; many are cooperative breeders White-fronted Bee-eater, Kenya

  19. Blue-cheeked Bee-eaters, Kenya

  20. *ORDER BUCEROTIFORMES — Hornbills Hoopoes & Allies — 4 families; 61 species Range: Asia & Africa Morphology/ecology:diverse group of mostly arboreal birds with large heads, large prominent bills; feet generally small, syndactyl feet Behavior: cavity nesters; altricial young, cooperative breeding (helpers) is common Other notes: Interesting feathers in some groups (eyelashes on hornbills, erectile crest on hoopoe) Taxonomic notes: new order, used to be part of Coraciformes Important families: *Bucerotidae: hornbills Bucorvidae: ground hornbills

  21. Family Bucerotidae: hornbills Africa & Asia; big canoe -shaped bills on these fruit and insect eaters convergent with toucans Photo Tim Laman

  22. Male hornbills seal their females in the nest with mud for the entire nesting period close up of a cavity to show mud and narrow slit that is left Photo Tim Laman

  23. Family Bucorvidae: ground hornbills Ground Hornbill, Kenya

  24. Foot Morphology (P & L 72-73) Anisodactyl basic plan Zygodactyl toe 4 is rotated to rear Heterodactyl toe 2 is rotated to rear Syndactyl toes 2 & 3 partially fused Pamprodactyl toes 1 and 4 can both rotate back

  25. Foot Morphology (P & L 72-73) Palmate Totipalmate Semipalmate Lobate Raptorial

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