Unit 4: Astronomy Chapter 12: Earth, Moon, & Sun

1. Unit 4: AstronomyChapter 12: Earth, Moon, & Sun Big Idea: The motions of Earth & the moon & their position relative to the sun result in day & night, the seasons, phases of the moon, eclipses, & tides

2. 4 Sections • Earth in Space • Gravity & Motion • Phases, Eclipses, & Tides • Earth’s Moon Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

3. Sec 1: Earth in Space KEY CONCEPTS • Earth moves through space in 2 major ways: 1) rotation 2) revolution • Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

4. Astronomy Rotation Orbit Solstice Axis Revolution Calendar Equinox Sec 1: Key Terms Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

5. Sec 2: Gravity & Motion KEY CONCEPTS • The strength of the force of gravity between 2 objects depends on 2 factors: 1) the masses of the objects 2) the distance between them • Newton concluded that 2 factors: 1) inertia 2) gravity combine to keep Earth in orbit around the sun & the moon in orbit around Earth Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

6. Force Gravity Law of universal gravitation Mass Weight Inertia Newton’s 1st law of motion Sec 2: Key Terms Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

7. Sec 3: Phases, Eclipses, & Tides KEY CONCEPTS • The changing relative positions of the moon, Earth, & sun cause the phases of the moon, eclipses, & tides • The phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth When the moon’s shadow hits Earth or Earth’s shadow hits the moon, an eclipse occurs • When the moon’s shadow hits Earth or Earth’s shadow hits the moon, an eclipse occurs Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

8. Sec 3: Phases, Eclipses, & Tides (cont’d) • A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly between Earth & the sun, blocking sunlight from Earth • During a lunar eclipse, Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon • The tides are caused mainly by differences in how much the moon’s gravity pulls on the different parts of Earth Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

9. Phase Solar eclipse Penumbra Tide Neap tide Eclipse Umbra Lunar eclipse Spring tide Sec 3: Key Terms Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

10. Sec 4: Earth’s Moon KEY CONCEPTS • Features on the moon’s surface include maria, craters, & highlands • The moon is dry & airless. Compared to Earth, the moon is small & has large variations in its surface temperature • Scientists theorize that a planet-sized object collided with Earth to form the moon Mrs. Lee - Ch 12

11. Telescope Maria Crater Meteoroid Sec 4: Key Terms Mrs. Lee - Ch 12