1 / 20

Cranial Nerves and dysfunctions

Cranial Nerves and dysfunctions. Prof.Dr . S. Naz Yeni. I. Cranial nerve ; olfactorius. Loss of olfaction ; ANOSMIA Causes ; fractures at the base of the skull Tumors at the base of frontal lobe ( meningioma like ..) Sphenoidal wing tumors Hypophis tumors Craniophranygeoma

elden
Télécharger la présentation

Cranial Nerves and dysfunctions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CranialNervesanddysfunctions Prof.Dr. S. Naz Yeni

  2. I. Cranialnerve; olfactorius • Loss of olfaction; ANOSMIA • Causes; fractures at thebase of theskull • Tumors at thebase of frontallobe (meningiomalike..) • Sphenoidalwingtumors • Hypophistumors • Craniophranygeoma • Menengitis • Vitamin, zincdeficiencies, • Olfactoryhallucinations; temporallobeseizures • Examination; checkeachnostrilwithnonirritatingodours

  3. II. Cranialnerve; opticus • Blindness, amourosis (blindness as a result of indirectreasons), ampliyopia (blindness as a result of eyeandrelatedstructures) Examination Lightreflex; lightsource Funduscopy; ophtalmascope Visualacuity; fingercounting Visualfields; confrontation test

  4. Visualfielddefects Onesidedamplyopia; inflamation, ischemia, tumors (glioma ), toxicreasons MS(opticneuritis) orbitaltumors Onesidedtransient Amourosisfugax Heteronymhemianopsia Homonymhemianopsia

  5. III. Cranialnerve; oculomotorius • The Edinger-Westphal nucleus supplies parasympathetic fibres to the eye via the ciliary ganglion, and thus controls the sphincter pupillae muscle (affecting pupil constriction) and the ciliary muscle (affecting accommodation). • Itinnervateslevatorpalpebraesuperioris. • Itinnervates ocular muscles; medialrectus, inferioroblique, superior, inferiorrectusmuscles

  6. Features • Ptosis • Diplopia (eyedeviatestolaterally) • Mydriasis (anisocoria) Etiology Vascularlesions in themidbrain Multiplsclerosis(demyelinatinglesions in themidbrain) Tumors Uncalherniation Aneurysms Meningitis Cavernoussinustrombosis DiabetesMellitus Thyroidophtalmopathy

  7. IV cranialnerve; trochlearis Itinnervatessuperiorobliquemuscle Features; diplopiawhilereadingbooks, …. SOM whencontracted Theeyeconverges Etiology Trauma Meningitis Cavernoussinustrombosis Fissuraorbitalissuperiorinflamations Thyroidophtalmopathy

  8. VI cranialnerve; abducensnerve • Itinnervateslateralrectusmuscle • Theeyedeviatestothelateralside. • 6. nervepalsy Features; diplopia, deviation of theeyemedially Etiologies • Increasedintarcranialpressure • Vascular • MS • Meningitis • Nasopharyngealtumors • Cavernoussinustrombosis • Fissuraorbitalissuperiortumors, inflamations • Thyroidophtalmopathy

  9. V cranialnerve; trigeminus • Threesensorydivisions; ophtalmic (FOS), maxillary (FR), mandibular(FO) • Innervatesfacial sensation • Afferent of corneareflex • Massaters , temporalismuscles • Loss of touchandpainandtemperature sensation • Weakness in mast. muscles • Loss of cornealreflex • Pain

  10. Etiologies • Vascular • Tumors • MS • Herpeszoster (zona) • Meningitis • Cavernoussinustrombosis ( I. Division) • Fissuraorbitalissuperiorinflamations (I. Division) • Trigeminalneuralgia Aftergasserianganglion…

  11. VII cranialnerve; facialis • Parasymphatic • Sensory • Motor Nervusintermedius; lacrimation Chordatympani; 2/3 tonguestaste sensation, salivation Motor branches; m. stapedius,mimicmuscles

  12. Peripheral vs centraltype of VII. Nervepalsy • Motor fibersforblink , eyebrowshavebilateralsupranucleerinnervation Lower motor fibersdonthavebilateralinnervation. Peripheral 7. nervepalsy Centraltype of palsy; spare of uppermuscles Allmimicmuscles

  13. 7. Nervepalsy Etiologies Peripheral • Bell’spalsy • Herpeszoster • Trauma • Menengitis Central • Vascular • MS • Tumors

  14. VIII cranialnerve; acousticus • Hearingloss (sensorineuraltype) • Vertigo • Tinnitus Weber –Rinnetests Etiologies Vascular MS Meningitis Acousticnörinoma Acoustic –petrous bone tumors, infections Trauma

  15. IX. Cranialnerve; glossopharnygeusX. Cranialnerve; vagus • Motor, sensory, autonomicfunctions • Musclestylopharnygeus (elevateslarenkswhileswallowing; 9), rest 10. nerve • 1/3 of taste sensation of thetongue (9) • Somatic sensation of pharyngeus, tonsilla, laryngeus, externalauricula, membranetympanicus(9, 10). • Innervatesparotisgland(9). • Chemo, baro reseptors in carotid body(9) • Autonomicfunctions of visceralorgans(10)

  16. IX. GlossopharyngealnerveX. Vagusnerve • Nucleiarelocated in themedullaoblangata. • theyleavefromforamenjugularetogetherwith n. Accessorius. • Closetoarteriacarotisinternaand vena jugularis in theneck.

  17. Examination • Gag reflex (swallowingdifficulty) • Afferent is 9. nerve, efferent is 10.nerve. Lesions; • Pseudobulbarpalsy • Vascularlesions in thebulb • Foramenjugularetumors • Trauvma • DM • 9. nervenevralgia

  18. XI. Cranialnerve; accessorius • Thenuclei is in themedullaoblangataandupperspinalcord. • Fibersentertheintracranialcavitythroughforamenmagnumandjoinstointracranialportionandleavethecavitythroughforamenjugulare.

  19. Itinnervates SCM, trapeziusmuscles Lesions • Vascular • Motor neurondisease • Syringobulbi, syringomyeli • Tumors • Trauma • Nasopharnygealtumors Torticollis

  20. XII. Cranialnerve; hypoglossus • Itinnervatestonguesintrinsicmuscles. • Itleavesthecavitythroughforamenhypoglossi; ıt is closeto 10, 11 nerves. Lesions Vascular Tumors Motor neurondisease Nasopharnygealtumors Trauma Carotisinternadissections Inthemouth; thetonguedeviatestohealthyside. Afterprotrusionout; it deviatestothepalsiedside

More Related