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Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerves. III. 1. V. VI. 2. VII. VIII. 3. IX. 4. XI. 5. XII. 1. 2. IV. 3. 4. 6. 5. 7. 9. 8. 10. Cranial Nerve 1: Olfactory Nerve. Anosmia Patients complain of loss of taste. Head injury is a common cause. Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve .

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Cranial Nerves

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  1. Cranial Nerves

  2. III 1 V VI 2 VII VIII 3 IX 4 XI 5 XII

  3. 1 2 IV 3 4 6 5 7 9 8 10

  4. Cranial Nerve 1: Olfactory Nerve • Anosmia • Patients complain of loss of taste. • Head injury is a common cause.

  5. Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve

  6. Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens • Oculomotor • Nucleus in midbrain • Innervates 4 extraocular muscles and functions in most eye movements • Contains parasympathetic which innervates pupillary constrictor muscles and ciliary muscle of lens. • Trochlear • Nucleus in midbrain • Nerve exits dorsal surface and crosses over • Moves eye medially and downward Abducens • Nucleus in pons • Moves eye laterally

  7. Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve • Trigeminal ganglion • Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions • Sensory: Touch, pain, temp, proprioception for face, mouth, • anterior 2/3 of tongue, nasal sinuses. • Motor: Muscles of chewing, tensor tympani muscle

  8. Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve • Motor function: muscles of facial expression. • Parasympathetic function: innervationof lacrimal glands and some salivary gland. • Visceral sensory function: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

  9. Facial Nerve Lesions cause paralysis in face Bell’s Palsy Facial nerve is impaired and then gradually recovers. Cause unknown,(viral or inflammatory)

  10. Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve • Auditory and vestibular sensation • Travels with facial nerve • Branches go to cochlea, vestibule

  11. Vestibular and Cochlear Sensory Organs

  12. Lesions in Auditory Pathway • During auditory seizures: patients often report tonesfrom the side opposite the cortical area involved in the seizure. • Vertigo can be caused by damage to vestibular pathways

  13. Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve • Motor function: stylopharyngeus muscle which elevates pharynx during • talking and swallowing and participates in gag reflex. • Parasympathetic function: innervation of parotid salivary gland. • Visceral sensory function: taste from posterior1/3 of tongue

  14. Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve • Motor function: pharyngeal muscles (swallowing) & laryngeal muscles (vocalization) • Parasympathetic function: innervation of heart, lungs, most if digestive tract. • Somatic sensation function: sensation from pharynx, meninges, • external auditory meatus.

  15. Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve Motor : sternomastoidupper trapezius muscles

  16. Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve Motor function: intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles.

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