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Respiratory System Chapter 13

Respiratory System Chapter 13. Functions. 1. Distribute air Upper respiratory tract Lower respiratory tract. Functions. 2. Exchange gases Alveoli O 2 into cells CO 2 out of cells. Upper Respiratory Tract. Upper Tract – 1. Nasal Cavity.

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Respiratory System Chapter 13

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  1. Respiratory SystemChapter 13

  2. Functions 1. Distribute air • Upper respiratory tract • Lower respiratory tract

  3. Functions 2. Exchange gases • Alveoli • O2into cells • CO2out of cells

  4. Upper Respiratory Tract

  5. Upper Tract – 1.Nasal Cavity Separated from mouth by Hard and Soft palate • External nose made of cartilage • Anterior nares – Opening

  6. Upper Tract – 1.Nasal Cavity • Nasal septum – bone and cartilage between nares • Rich blood supply • Majority of nosebleeds - epistaxsis

  7. Upper Tract – 1.Nasal Cavity • Vestibule – nostril cavity • Contain hairs • Filter the air

  8. Upper Tract – 1.Nasal Cavity • Nasal mucosa – 3 passageways • Inferior concha • Middle concha • Superior concha

  9. Upper Tract – 1.Nasal Cavity • Nasal Mucosa has • Mucous secretions • Rich blood supply

  10. Upper Tract – 1.Nasal Cavity • Lined with Pseudostratified ciliated cells

  11. Upper Tract – 1.Nasal Cavity • Olfactory epithelium • Nerve cells • Epithelium cells • Smell/taste

  12. Upper Tract – 1.Nasal Cavity • Paranasal sinuses • 4 pair of spaces • Drain into nasal cavity

  13. Upper Tract – 2.Pharynx • Tube-like (5”) • Base of skull to esophagus • Made of muscle

  14. Upper Tract – 2.Pharynx • 3 parts • Nasopharynx • Nasal cavity to soft palate

  15. Upper Tract – 2.Pharynx • 3 parts • Oropharynx • Soft palate to hyoid bone • End of soft palate – Uvula (deflects food)

  16. Upper Tract – 2.Pharynx • 3 parts • Laryngopharynx • Hyoid bone to esophagous

  17. Upper Tract – 3.Larynx Consists of: • Adam’s apple – hard cartilage • larger in men

  18. Upper Tract – 3.Larynx • Epiglottis – cartilage • Protects by preventing food from entering the trachea

  19. Upper Tract – 3.Larynx • Vocal cords – cartilage • Vibration and touching causes sound

  20. Upper Tract – 3.Larynx Functions: • Passageway for air • Deflection of food when swallowing • Production of sound

  21. Respiratory System Lower Respiratory Tract

  22. 1. Trachea (windpipe) • Cartilage rings • Lined with Pseudostratified epi.

  23. 2. Bronchi • Cartilage rings • Lined with Pseudostratified epi. • 2 tubes • 1º Bronchi • 2º Bronchi • 3º Bronchi

  24. 3. Bronchioles • Bronchioles (no cartilage) • Ciliated cuboidal cells • Makes tree

  25. 4. Alveolar Ducts • Ends at several alveolar sacs

  26. 5. Alveolar Sacs • Lined with Simple Squamous Epi. • Fx: Exchange between air and blood

  27. 5. Alveolar Sacs • Surfactant coats alveoli • Keeps alveoli from collapsing • Helps gas exchange • Produced in 3rd trimester

  28. 6. Lungs • Right lung • Larger w/ 3 lobes • Left lung • Smaller w/ 2 lobes

  29. 6. Lungs • Lungs in a Pleural cavity

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