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The Expansion of the Islamic Empire: Roots, Conquests, and Cultural Diffusion

This lecture explores the rapid expansion of the Islamic Empire from its inception in Mecca and Medina (530-610 CE) to its vast territories by 1453 CE. We examine the key periods of conquest, including the Arabian Peninsula and the Byzantine Empire, and how trade routes facilitated the spread of Islam across Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe. The lecture discusses political unity during the early Muslim empire, the impact of the Arabic language, and the complexities of slavery within Islamic culture. Discover the factors behind this remarkable historical expansion.

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The Expansion of the Islamic Empire: Roots, Conquests, and Cultural Diffusion

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  1. World History I Unit Eight Block Two Lecture Expansion of the Islamic Empire

  2. Make sure that you are viewing this in “Slide Show” format. Click on “Slide Show” and push “from beginning”. Move through the presentation by pushing on the “up” and “down” arrows” on your keyboard Click me

  3. The Islamic Empire spreads quickly Click me • Islam starts in Mecca and Medina (530 to 610 CE/AD) • Islam conquers the Arabian Peninsula by 633 CE/AD • Islam spreads into the Byzantine Empire by 640 CE/AD Location of Medina Location of Mecca

  4. Islam spreads along trade routes Click Here • Islam is diffused (spread)along trade routes across three continents (Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe). • By 1453 CE/AD the Islamic Empire includes the Fertile Crescent, Iran (old Persian Empire), central Asia, northern Africa, the Arabian and Iberian Peninsulas, and the Ottoman Empire Islamic Trade routes Height of the Empire

  5. Islam conquers the environment (with a little help) Click me • The Islamic Empire expanded despite distances, desert environments (Sahara), and mountain barriers • The spread of Islam is facilitated (helped) by the weakness of the Byzantine and Persian empires Sahara means “Great Desert” in Arabic Bye, Bye Constantinople

  6. Early Islam … Contradictions galore Click me • Political unity of the first Muslim empire (632 to 661 CE/AD) was short-lived • The Arabic language spread with Islam and helped (facilitated) trade across Islamic lands • Slavery was not based on race: • Muslims enslaved people from many cultures as well as Africa, • there was code on treating slaves (considered people and property) • freeing slaves was considered a virtuous act.

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