Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe

1. Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Mrs. Ready

2. Section 1 - Telescopes • Page 744 – Discovery Activity – “How Does Distance Affect an Image?” • Materials Needed: Plastic Hand Lens • RESULTS?

3. Read page 744 • When was the first telescope invented? • Define TELESCOPE: • Galileo? Why is he important?

4. Electromagnetic Radiation • What is electromagnetic Radiation? • Forms of Radiation: Visible Light: • The Electromagnetic Spectrum: Wavelength - Spectrum – Define Electromagnetic Spectrum -

5. Types of Telescopes(Page 746-747) • What do telescopes collect and focus? • Define Optical Telescope: • Refracting Telescopes: Convex Lens – • Reflecting Telescopes: Newton –

6. Radio Telescopes: • Other Telescopes: ACTIVITY: (Page 747) “Locating Radio Waves” Materials: Umbrella, aluminum foil, radio Results?

7. Observatories • Define Observatory: • Where are most Observatories located and why? Advanced Telescopes: Telescopes in Space: Page 750 – Assessment #’s 1a, b 2 a, b, c 3 a

8. Section 2 Characteristics of Stars Discovery Activity “How does Your Thumb Move?” (page 752) Results: Define Constellations:

9. Orion, the Hunter • This constellation includes the red supergiant Betelgeuse and the blue supergiant Rigel -

10. Classifying Stars Astronomers classify stars according to their physical characteristics. • Color and Temperature: • Size: • Chemical Composition Spectrograph: 4. Brightness:

11. Brightness of Stars The brightness of a star depends upon both its size and temperature. Ex: Betelguese and Rigel (Orion) • Apparent Brightness • Absolute Brightness

12. Measuring Distance of Stars • The Light-Year: • Parallax: • Parallax in Astronomy:

13. The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram • The diagram that shows the relationship between the surface temperatures of stars and their absolute brightness is called the ___________. • What is measured on the two axes of the diagram? • An area on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram that runs from the upper left to the lower right and includes more than 90 % of all stars is called ______.

14. Section 3 Lives of Stars • Discovery Activity (page 762) – “What Determines How Long Stars Live?” • How do we know the stages of live of a star? Stars do not last forever! Each star is born, goes through its life cycle and eventually dies.

15. A Star is Born Nebula – Protostar – A star is born when the contracting gas and dust from a nebula become so dense and hot that nuclear fusion starts. 2. Lifetimes of Stars – How long a star lives depends on its mass. • Death of Stars: Red Giant- Supergiant-

16. After a star runs out of fuel, it becomes a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole. • White Dwarf – • Supernovas – • Neutron Stars – • Black Holes –

17. 2.3 Life of a Star • BrainPop • http://www.brainpop.com/science/space/lifecycleofstars/

18. The Life of a Star

19. Cosmic Comic Strip • Create a comic strip outlining the lifecycle of a star in a humorous or heroic way. • Pick a low mass/medium mass star OR a high mass star. • Must include all stages in the star’s life (nebula, red giant, white dwarf, supernova .. Etc.). • Graded on accuracy, descriptive quality and creativity.

20. Rubric

21. Section 4 – Star Systems and Galaxies • Page 767 – Discovery Activity – “Why Does the Milky Way Look Hazy?” Materials: Paper, pencil, dark background Results: Milky Way Defined:

22. Star Systems and Clusters Most stars are members of groups of two or more stars, called star systems. • Multiple Star Systems: Binary Stars : • Eclipsing Binaries • Planets Around other Stars: • Star Clusters: Open clusters: Globular Clusters:

23. Galaxies Page 770 Define Galaxy – Astronomers classify most galaxies into the following types: • Spiral Galaxies: • Elliptical Galaxies: • Irregular Galaxies • Quasars:

24. The Milky Way • Our solar system is located in a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way.

25. The Scale of the Universe • Scientific Notation • Immensity of Space

26. Scripture and Astronomy Read .. Think…Draw Choose one of the Bible verses listed (or choose your own) that relates to astronomy. Read the passage from your Bible, think about the meaning, and then draw a picture relating to the passage. It is important while reading and thinking on the Scripture that you get a clear idea (picture in mind) of the location, people, and things in the Scripture. It is just as important to understand what these objects are.

27. Rubric for Scripture Project 5 – The project displayed much effort far beyond that was required – Pride was displayed well beyond the required 4 – The student worked hard and completed the project, but with more effort it might have been outstanding. 3 - The student finished the project, but it could have been improved with more effort. Adequate interpretation of the assignment was displayed but the project lacked finishing touches. 2 - The project was completed with minimum effort 1 - The student did not finish the work adequately

28. Q. What year boasted the first woman in space? A. 1963 boasted the first woman in space: ValentinaVladimirovna Tereshkova in Vostok 6 (U.S.S.R.). Q. What manned U.S. space program eventually put 12 men on the Moon? A. The Apollo program was a manned U.S. space program that eventually put 12 men on the Moon. Q. What object is sometimes called the Evening Star and sometimes called the Morning Star? A. Venus Q. The Sun, Moon, and Planets move along a narrow path around the sky. What are the constellations along this path collectively called? A. The Zodiac Q. What occurs when the Earth passes through the debris left behind by a passing comet? A. A meteor shower

29. Q. If the Earth were the size of a tennis ball, how big and how far away would the Sun be? A. 24 feet across and ½ mile away Q. If our entire solar system could fit into a coffee cup, how big would our galaxy be (The Milky Way)? A. North American continent Q. Why does Mars appear red? A. Rust