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The Rock Cycle: Formation and Transformation of Rocks

Explore the processes of rock formation with a focus on igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Learn how rocks are created through cooling, weathering, sedimentation, compression, and metamorphism. Discover the textures and patterns that define each rock type.

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The Rock Cycle: Formation and Transformation of Rocks

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  1. The Rock Cycle The processes through which rocks are formed

  2. Igneous Rocks • Form by the cooling of molten rock (either lava or magma) • Typically have a texture of random crystals

  3. Iceland - 1980s, Alan Rubin

  4. Eruption of Mount St. Helens - May, 1980 (commercial slide)

  5. Mount St. Helens - 2004

  6. Middle and North Sister - Oregon Cascades

  7. Sedimentary Rocks • Often form when particles weathered from earlier rocks are transported (by streams, wind or glaciers) and deposited as sediment • The sediment is then buried and converted to rock by compression and cementation • Typically have a texture of small rounded particles cemented together

  8. French Pete Creek - Oregon Cascades

  9. Basin and Range - eastern Nevada

  10. Cochetopa Creek near Gunnison, Colorado

  11. Creek building delta into Lyman Lake - Washington Cascades

  12. Cape Cod, Massachusetts

  13. Canyonlands National Park, UT - Needles section

  14. Metamorphic Rocks • Generally form when earlier rocks are subjected to high temperatures and/or pressures (BUT without melting!) • Typically have a crystalline texture, with a pattern to the arrangement of crystals

  15. Mt. Jefferson, Oregon Cascades

  16. http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/c/l/cll161/insys%20441/main.htmlhttp://www.personal.psu.edu/users/c/l/cll161/insys%20441/main.html

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