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Understanding Sympatric Speciation and Its Mechanisms in AP Biology

This chapter explores the concept of sympatric speciation, which occurs when new species arise from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region. Key mechanisms include polyploidy, a condition resulting from nondisjunction during cell division that can produce additional chromosome sets, especially in plants. Additionally, the chapter discusses how regional environmental factors can drive divergence, such as variations in soil pH impacting palm species. It also compares sympatric speciation with parapatric speciation, highlighting the role of distinct habitats and hybrid zones in evolutionary processes.

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Understanding Sympatric Speciation and Its Mechanisms in AP Biology

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  1. Chapter 18.11 Other Speciation Models AP Biology Spring 2011

  2. Sympatric Speciation • Sympatric speciation: is divergence within the same home range of a species

  3. Sympatric Speciation • Polyploidy: is a result of nondisjunction during cell division that can lead to a change in chromosome number • Polyploidy can occur in plants • Nondisjunction occurs in a shoot or flower • If self-fertilization occurs, this can lead to instance speciation

  4. Other Examples • Sympatric speciation can also occur to regional environmental conditions that force divergence • Ex. Soil pH and palm speciation • Fig. 18.23

  5. Isolation at Hybrid Zones • Parapatric speciation: occurs when one population extends across a large diverse habitat • Distinct habitats exert selection pressures on parts of a population • Divergence occurs on the opposite ends of a habitat while a small hybrid zone exists where contact occurs in the midrange

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