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Neurons

Unit 2 – Biology of Psychology. Day 1 -. Neurons. Because when you say someone’s “wires are crossed” you might actually be correct. Objectives. Understand the relationship between “Biology” and “Psychology” Identify the two major systems that affect biological psychology

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Neurons

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  1. Unit 2 – Biology of Psychology Day 1 - Neurons Because when you say someone’s “wires are crossed” you might actually be correct

  2. Objectives • Understand the relationship between “Biology” and “Psychology” • Identify the two major systems that affect biological psychology • Compare the three types of Neurons • Terms:  • Biology • Nervous System • Endocrine System • Neurons • Sensory Neuron • Motor Neuron • Interneuron • Dendrite • Axon • Myelin Sheath • Action Potential • Synapse

  3. Remind Me… • What is “Psychology”? • What do we mean by “mind”? • HOW could we study that? • Can we learn everything about the “mind” just by the methods we’ve already looked at? • Are there any “internal” factors / variables?

  4. BIOLOGY • The Study of Life • Includes Structure, Function, Growth, and Evolution • Why might those be important for Psychology? • And, in fact, there is an endless debate in Psychology over which influences our behavior more, our biology, or our environment • We call that “Nature Vs. Nurture” and will discuss it MUCH more next term.

  5. BIOLOGY • In studying the biological basis of psychology, we are concerned with TWO SYSTEMS • 1) Nervous System • Our senses – Things happen, we encounter stimulus, and our brain interprets them • 2) Endocrine System • The reaction – How we think, feel, or change as a result of stimulus

  6. NERVOUS and ENDOCRINE • BOTH of these systems use chemical “messengers” to send signals • What is different is the SPEED and the PURPOSE of each • Today, we will focus on the Nervous System…

  7. NEURONS: You ARE Hard-Wired • To understand how the body interprets stimuli, you need to understand the “connectors” that receive, send, and store signals. • NEURONS • A nerve cell • The basic building block of the Nervous System • They come in three types…

  8. Three Types of Neurons • 1) SENSORY NEURONS • 2) MOTOR NEURONS • 3) INTERNEURONS Neutron, NOT Neuron

  9. SENSORY NEURONS • Incoming Information • The “senses” send signals to the brain • Cadet Cook’s nose feels his finger when he touches it.

  10. MOTOR NEURONS • Outgoing Information • The brain sends “signals” to the muscles, and limbs • Cadet Matos pets the doggie and sucks his thumb.

  11. INTERNEURONS • The Middlemen • Intercommunication – from one part of the brain to another • Interpret what Sensory said, and tell Motor what to do • Cadet De Los Reyes sees a camera, so she and her friend then feel the need to pose, and do so.

  12. And now the pieces… • All of those neurons look, roughly, the same. So let’s look at the parts…. • Dendrite • Axon • Myelin Sheath • Nerve Endings • Plus, we’ll look at the two “steps” in the process • Action Potential • Synapse

  13. The Parts • DENDRITE • The branched projection • Information Collector • Gets the INPUT • Like your battery pack, or whatever is plugged in

  14. The Parts • AXON(s) • The long, thin connectors • Sends information • The OUTPUT • Like the electrical cord

  15. The Parts • NERVE ENDINGS • Self-explanatory • Connects one Neuron to another • The plug on the cord

  16. The Parts • MYELIN SHEATH • Not a Ninja Weapon  • The white fatty case on the axon • The insulator • Much like wires are covered, usually, with plastic or rubber

  17. Neurons

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  23. The Process • ACTION POTENTIAL • A neural impulse • Travels down the axons • cord plugged in, electricity going down in • SYNAPSE • Where nerve endings connects to another neuron’s dendrite • The “plug” in the wall

  24. How Neurons Communicate

  25. How Neurons Communicate

  26. How Neurons Communicate

  27. How Neurons Communicate

  28. So what? • Well, in our final unit when we discuss abnormalities in psychology, you will see that many have to do with this process • Sometimes, there is a failure of Action Potential (axons aren’t firing) • Other times, it’s the synapse (things aren’t connecting) • Also, and even cooler, we can STOP some of these processes…. • Why would we ever do that?

  29. The Nervous System • This system is our “senses” • We see, hear, touch, taste, smell • How important is it, then, for them to work correctly? • NEXT TIME: Nervous System Map / “Brain Games” • Monday – Hormones (Why Jr High isn’t lit) • QUIZ COMING October 4th!

  30. Objectives • Understand the relationship between “Biology” and “Psychology” • Identify the two major systems that affect biological psychology • Compare the three types of Neurons • Terms:  • Biology • Nervous System • Endocrine System • Neurons • Sensory Neuron • Motor Neuron • Interneuron • Dendrite • Axon • Myelin Sheath • Action Potential • Synapse

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