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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. Freshwater reptile Mesosaurus. Fossils of a fresh water swimming reptile, Mesosaurus (Figure 2) have been found on the east coast of southern Brazil and the west coast of Africa. This reptile could not possibly have swum the 3,000-mile distance across the South Atlantic Ocean.

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer

  2. Freshwater reptile Mesosaurus • Fossils of a fresh water swimming reptile, Mesosaurus (Figure 2) have been found on the east coast of southern Brazil and the west coast of Africa. This reptile could not possibly have swum the 3,000-mile distance across the South Atlantic Ocean. • How could we possibly explain this?

  3. Discovering Plate Tectonics: The Mystery of the Brachiosaurus • Mystery of the Brachiosaurus Uncovered

  4. Puzzle Key and Landmasses • Try to figure out how to answer the question of how Mesosaurus appeared on two continents • Assemble the pieces so that they fit together like a puzzle • When finished, raise your hand to be checked. • Answer the questions #1-5 in Part 1 on your worksheet

  5. Continental Puzzle Analysis Questions • What made you put the puzzle pieces the way that you did? Were there any clues that helped you put the pieces a certain way? • What three kinds of evidence support Wegner’s theory that South America was at one time joined with Africa? Be specific! (hint: look at the key) • What dinosaur is found on almost every continent? • Since a dinosaur cannot swim, explain how a fossil can be found on all continents?   • It is generally considered that dinosaurs live in warm climates, yet fossil remains are found in Antarctica. How can this be explained?  

  6. Convection Current Demonstration • http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=137741 • http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=261126&title=Convection_Currents Action of the Red Dye • What temperature was the red dye? • In what direction did the red dye move? • What do you think the density of the red dye is compared to the water? Why? Foam Plates • What caused the foam plates to move? • Describe the movement of the foam pieces when the dye started to rise. Could you see a pattern?

  7. Topic: The Lithosphere, Pangaea, and Plate Tectonics

  8. Continental Drift Cornell Notes

  9. 1. Q: What is the lithosphere made up of? A: Crust and Upper Mantle

  10. Continental Drift • Wegener came up with a theory in 1910 called Continental Drift. • His theory said that the continents had started as one big “super continent” called Pangea.

  11. Continental Drift • Over millions of years, Pangaea broke apart into the 7 continents.

  12. Continental Drift • During Pangaea, continents had completely different environments..

  13. Evidence that supported Wegener’s Theory • Landforms • Example: Some mountain chains, have very similar rocks and structures (i.e., folds and faults) to mountain belts found on other continents • Fossil Evidence - There are many examples of fossils found on two continents that are currently separated by vast oceans • Example: Mesosaurus

  14. Evidence that supported Wegener’s Theory • Climate –Example: Glacial striations, the parallel "scrape" marks on rocks caused by moving glaciers, have been found on rocks in South America, Africa and Australia and are of similar orientation to striations found on Antarctica • Puzzle-like Fit of the Continents-in several cases, modern shorelines of continents look as though they were once joined • Example: Africa and South America are the best example of these “puzzle pieces”

  15. Continental Drift Rejection • Scientists at the time rejected his theory because he could not come up with an explanation why the continents were actually moving.

  16. Plate Tectonics • Plate Tectonics is the theory that the lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) is made of moving plates that float on the mantle. • Convection currents cause magma in the asthenosphere to rise and sink. • The plates are slowly moving and bump into each other

  17. Discovering Plate Tectonics: Changes in Earth’s Surface

  18. Plate Tectonics: Understanding Earth’s Shifty Surface Versatile • Finish for homework • Write letter and word for answers • Cite evidence for each questions by highlighting/underlining passage in reading that supports answer • All 12 numbers should be displayed on reading

  19. Continental Drift Reading “Draw a picture”- As I read the passage aloud, draw (pictures) of what you are hearing about evidence of continental drift. *Try to draw at least one picture per paragraph

  20. Pangea Writing Prompt • You are Wegener’s defense attorney. Using your knowledge of the lithosphere, asthenosphere, Pangaea, and evidence for continental drift (190-195), write two paragraphs that defend his hypothesis. • (Think: What do we know about the lithosphere? The asthenosphere? Pangea?)

  21. Lithospheric Movement Review • What is Alfred Wagner’s hypothesis? • The continents have always been where they were now? • Today’s continents were once part of a single land mass that split apart • The continents are made of rock • The continents will one day join to form a single continent. • List three pieces of evidence for Pangaea: • What causes earth’s tectonic plates to move? Use the words density and convection current to explain what’s happening?

  22. Bell RingerAnswer the following questions • Draw arrows convection currents in the mantle of the earth—label hot, cold and High density, Low density. 2. What is Pangaea? 3. Describe what causes the lithospheric plates to move.

  23. Evidence Our first evidence of tectonic motion is based on similar fossils and rock types on opposing sides of the ocean

  24. Lithospheric Plates Review • The earth’s crust is divided into plates, and these plates move (that’s why Pangaea broke apart) • The plates move because of convection currents underneath the Earth (PLAY VIDEO!) • But other than Pangaea breaking apart, what happens when the plates move?

  25. Types of Plate Boundaries • Plate Boundaries: Where two lithospheric plates meet • Divergent (what does “diverge” mean?) • Convergent (what does “converge” mean?) • Transform

  26. Plate Boundaries Brainpop • http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/platetectonics/ • Match the definitions with the words • For each geologic feature, write down which plate boundary could cause it. Use Convergent (C), Divergent (D), or Transform (T)

  27. Plate Boundaries Tree Diagram

  28. Tectonic Plates Versatiles • Finish for homework • Write letter and word for answers • Cite evidence for each questions by highlighting/underlining passage in reading that supports answer • All 12 numbers should be displayed on reading

  29. Bell Ringer • Scientists found fossils of identical creatures on Africa and South America. What does this tell you about the Earth? • Africa and South America are the same continent • Africa and South America used to be next to each other • All animals are on each continent • All of these animals can swim or fly long distances • Which of the following has caused the continents to spread apart? • The eruption of volcanoes • Huge plates moving underneath the ground have moved the continents apart • The shaking of the ground caused by earthquakes • The continents have always been spread apart.

  30. Divergent Plate Boundaries Divergent Video

  31. Divergent Cornell Notes

  32. Divergent Boundary • When two plates move or spread apart from each other • Connection: What causes them to move apart from each other? • What hand motion would you use? • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

  33. What does this actually look like? Video 1: http://www.videosurf.com/video/divergent-boundary-119597587 And Video 2: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=2ED78244-ED66-438C-B2DD-55C2D810C4A1&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  34. Two Oceanic Plates Diverging • Causes Sea-Floor Spreading • As plates spread, magma comes up and cools and hardens, forming new crust. • As new rock piles on top of each other, mountain form under the ocean • Mid-ocean ridge- Mountain range on ocean floor

  35. Age of Rocks • As the plates spread and magma hardens to form rocks—we get the newest rocks on Earth near diverging plates.

  36. Two Continental Plates Diverging • Creates a Rift Valley or Ocean Basin • As the continental plates diverge, they sink and can fill with water making a sea! --the Great Rift Valley, East Africa --the Red Sea

  37. Ireland: Hikers walk in the shadow of cliffs. The divergent Mid-Atlantic Ridge rises above sea level, with the North American plate to the west and the Eurasian plate to the east.

  38. Divergent Plates- Plates move apart

  39. Sea-Floor Spreading Lab • Using the model, answer the questions with your partner • When finished, begin “Divergent Homework”

  40. Bell Ringer #4 • Create a venn diagram that compares and contrasts continental plates diverging and oceanic plates diverging Both Continental Oceanic

  41. Divergent boundaries Convergent boundaries Transform boundaries Today we are learning about CONVERGENT!

  42. Convergent Boundaries • There are two things that can happen when two plates move towards one another • 1. One sinks under the other and starts to melt • 2. They both collide and start to crumble and pile up.

  43. Types of Convergent Boundaries Oceanic - Oceanic Oceanic - Continental Continental - Continental The only difference between the two type of plates is the rock composition and the density.

  44. Oceanic plates is more dense than continental plate Ocean lithospheric plate will always sink under (subduction) continental plates because it is more dense! Volcanoes Ring of Fire in Pacific Ocean Oceanic – Continental (subduction)

  45. Same density; Oldest plate will go under (subduction) younger plate Trenches & Volcanoes Mariana Trench Oceanic – Oceanic (subduction) DRAW IT OUT!

  46. Continental-Continental (collision) Plates have the same density Plates collide and crash into each other– lithosphere folds like wrinkles Mountains Himalayan Mountains

  47. Types of Convergent Boundaries

  48. Convergent Plates

  49. The Big Picture

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