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Chapter 11 Jacksonian America

Chapter 11 Jacksonian America. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America. pp. 194-198. Andrew Jackson From log cabin to mansion became the first president from a state west of the original thirteen Lawyer, judge, land speculator, politician, Indian fighter, and planter

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Chapter 11 Jacksonian America

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  1. Chapter 11Jacksonian America

  2. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 • Andrew Jackson • From log cabin to mansion • became the first president from a state west of the original thirteen • Lawyer, judge, land speculator, politician, Indian fighter, and planter • Championed the causes of the common people • became the symbol of the age and of Americanism

  3. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 • Jackson and the Spoils System • spoils system: rewarded friends and followers with government positions • disadvantages • produced inefficiency and corruption • aided the growth of political machines

  4. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 • result • set a negative precedent for government job distribution • abolished by the Civil Service Act of 1883

  5. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 • Jackson’s Kitchen Cabinet • “Kitchen Cabinet” • a group of close friends that served as his informal advisors

  6. Reformers during the Jacksonian era launched crusades to free slaves and give women more rights. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198

  7. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 • Attitudes and Policies regarding Indians • Indians viewed as foreign, not citizens of the U. S. • Indians not viewed as people created in God’s image • causes • lack of understanding • wanted their land

  8. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 • actions • signed treaties and sent them west • Indian Removal Act: gave the military the power to move the Indians by force

  9. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 • Trouble in the South • 1833: The Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws had been moved to lands west of the Mississippi. • Cherokees: refused to give up their lands

  10. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 • Worcester v. Georgia: The court ordered Georgia to release Worcester and ordered Jackson to send in troops to protect Cherokee lands. • Involved Indians’ and states’ rights • Treaty of New Echota: gave the U.S. government possession of the Cherokee lands

  11. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 • Trail of Tears, 1838: the forced removal of the Cherokees to Oklahoma

  12. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 • The Black Hawk War • Sauk and Fox tribes (led by Black Hawk) were forced to relocate to Iowa. • When they returned to Illinois to search for food, they were attacked by the state militia. • War went into Wisconsin

  13. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 194-198 • Bad Axe Massacre: Militias killed most of Black Hawk’s army.

  14. One of the most important issues during the Jackson presidency was the issue of states’ rights. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202

  15. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 • Tariff Troubles • revenue tariff: a tariff designed to raise money

  16. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 • Reasons for Tariffs • protective tariff: protected American businesses and manufacturers from foreign competition, but also raised the price of foreign goods

  17. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 • factors affecting development of northern industry • abundant rivers (energy source) • available capital (money) • abundant labor supply

  18. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 • The Tariff of Abominations • 1824: increased the tariff and put more products on the list • 1828: “tariff of abominations”

  19. As cotton prices dropped, production costs rose, which Southerners blamed on the high tariff. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202

  20. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 • The Defense of States’ Rights • John C. Calhoun • leader defender of states’ rights • promoted the idea of nullifying tariffs • Not the first to present the idea of nullification

  21. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 • Webster vs. Hayne • the South and West unite: The South supported a cheap land policy in exchange for western support of tariff reform.

  22. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 • Robert Y. Hayne, SC: defended the concept of nullification and states’ rights • Daniel Webster, MA: attacked nullification point by point, carefully defending the Constitution and the federal union

  23. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 • Calhoun and Jackson Clash • Jackson was offended by Calhoun’s behavior toward Peggy Eaton. • Jackson came to her defense. • Calhoun resigned the vice-presidency, and Martin Van Buren succeeded him. • Calhoun led the fight for states’ rights in the Senate.

  24. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 • A Time of Crisis • tariff of 1832 • gained some support in the South and West because it was a bit lower than the 1828 tariff • retained high tariffs on textiles and iron

  25. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202 • Ordinance of Nullification: nullified the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 and threatened to secede (leave the Union) if the government used force • Issued by South Carolina • Force Bill: granted Jackson the right to use force to enforce laws

  26. Compromise of 1833: would gradually lower the tariff over the course of ten years to under 20% Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 199-202

  27. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 • The central issue in the election of 1832 was the future of the National Bank. • Henry Clay- for the bank • Andrew Jackson- against the bank

  28. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 • Jackson’s Clash with Biddle • Nicholas Biddle • Philadelphian, president of the Bank of the United States • wanted the Bank to be rechartered; therefore he gave loans to Jackson supporters

  29. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 • President Jackson • disliked banks and thought that the federal government had too much power • viewed National Bank as unconstitutional • used the jealousies of the state banks and others opposed to the Bank to kill its recharter • bill passed Congress, but Jackson vetoed it

  30. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 • Jackson and the “Pet Banks” • In an effort to kill the National Bank, Jackson withheld funds and instead deposited tax revenue in state banks (“pet banks”).

  31. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 • Biddle responded by calling in loans owed by state banks, which caused many state banks to fail. • To counteract the bank failures, Biddle began lending money which caused massive inflation.

  32. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 • Distribution Bill: gave money to state governments to be used on internal improvements in order to stimulate the economy

  33. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 203-204 • The Specie Circular • Jackson’s solution for inflation • required gold or silver to be used in the purchase of government lands

  34. Pop Quiz over pp. 205-209 • 1. What new party appeared in the election of 1836? • 2. Who did Jackson choose as his successor? Hint: This man won the Presidential election of 1836.

  35. Pop Quiz over pp. 205-209 • 3. Who did Jackson appoint as chief justice of the Supreme Court after John Marshall’s death? • A. William Henry Harrison • B. Roger B. Taney • C. Daniel Webster • D. Hugh L. White

  36. Pop Quiz over pp. 205-209 • 4. Who was the first President to die in office? • 5. What two-word term refers to a President during the time between the election and leaving office? • Bonus: What treaty determined the boundary between the U.S. and Canada?

  37. Answers to Pop Quiz over pp. 205-209 • 1. The Whig Party • 2. Martin Van Buren • 3. B. Roger B. Taney • 4. William Henry Harrison • 5. lame duck • Bonus: Webster-Ashburton Treaty

  38. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 • The Jacksonian Legacy • increased the power of the presidency • defended the Union on certain issues, deferred to the states on others

  39. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 • The Election of 1836 • Whigs: new political party • issues • supported the National Bank, a protective tariff, and internal improvements • more openly concerned with religion and morals • Protestants, not Catholics and Episcopalians • Viewed slavery as sinful

  40. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 • candidates • Hugh L. White • William Henry Harrison • Daniel Webster • Tried to send the election to the House of Representatives • Democrats: nominated Martin Van Buren

  41. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America p. 206

  42. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 • The Van Buren Years • faced an economic depression • proposed an independent treasury system that would consist of a number of federal vaults and depositories and did not rely on private banking

  43. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 • made changes to the Supreme Court • Chief Justice John Marshall had died, and Jackson had appointed Roger B. Taney to his position. • Jackson and Van Buren appointed 6 associate justices between them. • greatest impact of this court came in the late 1850s when it supported states’ rights

  44. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 • The Election of 1840 • candidates • Democrats: Martin Van Buren • Whigs: William Henry Harrison • campaign • The Whigs portrayed Harrison as a common man.

  45. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America p. 207

  46. William Henry Harrison was the first President to die in office. He served the shortest term in office (four weeks). He had logically the least significant Presidential administration.

  47. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 • Tyler Too • conflict with his party • Henry Clay believed Tyler should govern through a congressional committee.

  48. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 • The Man Without a Party • The Preemption Act of 1841: allowed squatters to buy western lands when they came up for public sale • Tyler was expelled from the party after vetoing a bill to establish a new national bank.

  49. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America pp. 205-209 • The Webster-Ashburton Treaty • determined the United States’ northern border with Canada between Minnesota and Maine

  50. Chapter 11 – Jacksonian America p. 209

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