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CHAPTER 8 JACKSONIAN AMERICA

CHAPTER 8 JACKSONIAN AMERICA. Section 1 Jacksonian America. Many states dropped Property Ownership as a requirement to vote & also Church membership. This increased the number of white, males eligible to vote. The power of the US government no longer rested with the just the wealthy.

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CHAPTER 8 JACKSONIAN AMERICA

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  1. CHAPTER 8JACKSONIAN AMERICA

  2. Section 1 Jacksonian America • Many states dropped Property Ownership as a requirement to vote & also Church membership. This increased the number of white, males eligible to vote. • The power of the US government no longer rested with the just the wealthy. • Andrew Jackson (1828-1836) used this new group of voters to win the White House- (especially in the west and south) He was a common man, war hero, tough “westerner”----- Old Hickory • He rewarded his loyal supporters with easy government jobs (Spoils System) • Early North vs South Crisis---- South Carolina thought US tariffs were too high and they wanted to leave the Union (Secede)----- • Force Bill---Congress gave Jackson the power to use the military to enforce laws-

  3. Removal of Native Americans • Jackson supported the removal of the Native Americans from the east to the Great Plains– Congress passed the Indian Removal Act--- 1830 • The Cherokee even sued the US in the Supreme Court---- • Most tribes agreed except the Cherokee---- They were sent on a forced march under Army guard- The Trail of Tears over 5,000 Cherokee dies of starvation, disease and exposure. All NA were resettled to reservations on the plains. • The struggle between whites and Native Americans would continue for the next 50 years • All tribes were shifted west except for the Seminoles in Florida. • Most Americans supported the removal and reservation system.

  4. Post Jackson America • Jackson’s goal for his second term was to destroy the 2nd Bank of the US. • He disliked the Northern elite, “big government”, and industrialization. • New party the Whigs started to defeat Jackson’s Democrats in the election of 1836 • Martin Van Buren (Dem) wins election b/c he was Jackson’s VP. • He was only a one term President b/c of the Panic of 1837- Banks were forced to close, high unemployment and failed businesses. • William Henry Harrison (Old Tippecanoe) a war hero, won the election for the Whigs. • His term only lasted 1 month. He caught pneumonia and dies in office. John Tyler his VP, finished his term with no VP. His only known presidential act was firming the border between US and Canada.

  5. QUIZ TIME!!!!! • CLOSE YOUR BOOKS!!!

  6. CHAPTER 8SECTION 1 HOMEWORK • READ PAGES 266-272 • READING CHECKS ON: PAGES 268, 270,271,272 • GEO SKILLS ON PAGE 270 #1 &2 • GRAPH SKILLS ON PAGE 272 #1 &2 • SECTION 1 ASSESSMENT #4 • **** WRITE THE QUESTION and answer

  7. Chapter 8 Section 2 HW • Read pages 273-277 • Reading Checks- page 275, 276, 277 (both) • Section 2 Assessment: #3, #4, #5 • Section 2 HW should be completed Thursday/Friday

  8. Section 2- A Changing Culture • In the mid 1800’s over 5 million immigrants came to the United States— • The two largest groups were Irish (2 million) and German (1.5 million) • The Irish came very poor with no labor skills- most settled in the Northeast and worked in factories----- Spoke English but were Catholic--- came b/c of the Great Potato Famine • The Germans were wealthier and settled in the Midwest- became farmers or business owners– major language barrier and mix b/w Protestant and Catholic---- came b/c of political oppression • Nativism---- Hostility towards foreigners------- Strong Anti-Catholic feelings, not allowed to hold office • Political parties like the American Party (Know-Nothings) were secret organizations opposed to immigrants & Catholic

  9. Section 2- Religious Awakening • Organized religion started seeing a decrease in involvement • Churches started encouraging people to attend church • Some new groups also formed: Unitarians & Universalists • Mormons (Church of Latter Day Saints)– started by Joseph Smith- moved from NY to Illinois--- he was murdered by an angry mob. Brigham Young led the Mormons to Utah where they settled permanently (Salt Lake City----- BYU) • Catholics still being persecuted in several states, but grew as immigrants came--- • St. Patrick’s Day- actually an Irish-American holiday started here by Irish Immigrants to celebrate their heritage here in America. • Even some “fringe” groups formed believing in a Utopian Society & the Shakers were a communal living group that didn’t believe in marriage or procreating.

  10. Section 3- Reform Movements • With the growing religious movements, citizens saw a great need to reform certain segments of American Society • Reform Movements: • 1. Education reform- establishment of free, public schools- also start of teachers colleges ( Horace Mann) • 2. Prison/Mental Illness reform- provide better environments for prisoners, and treat the mentally ill in hospitals (also the mentally disabled) Dorothea Dix • 3. Temperance Movement- wide spread alcohol abuse across the US- many states passed anti-alcohol laws with backing from churches (many states still have dry laws) • 4.Women Movement- beliefs were divided many conservatives believed woman’s role was to stay home and be good wives and mothers----- others thought that as women began to work outside the home, they should be given more rights. • Seneca Falls Convention- first meeting for women’s rights

  11. Section 4- Abolition • Abolition of American slavery divided North and South, would later lead to several major disputes in the US (including the Civil War) • Types of Abolition views: 1. Gradualism- gradually end slavery over time- Stop importation then move North to South. This would allow slave owners to make money as they reduced slavery. 2. Colonization- Send African slaves back to Africa- land was purchased in West Africa- would become the country of Liberia--- most Africans wanted to stay in the US. Too expensive. 3. Abolitionists- wanted an immediate end to slavery- religious groups like the Quakers and some Baptists said slavery was a sin. • William Lloyd Garrison- abolitionist newspaper publisher- The Liberator • Frederick Douglass- escaped slave who gave several abolitionist speeches • Sojourner Truth- freed slave (female) who gave speeches

  12. Chapter 8- Section 3 & 4 HW • Read Pages 278- 282----- Section 3 • Reading Checks Page 281, 282 • Section 3 Assessment # 3,4,5 • Read Pages 284-288----- Section 4 • Reading Checks 285, 287, 288 • Geography Skills page 287 #1 & 2 • Section 4 Assessment # 3,4,5 ++Chapter 8 Review Page 290 # 16-20, #29 A & B ----- Write the Question and Answer. • YOU WILL BE ABLE TO USE THIS ON YOUR CHPT 8 TEST------ This Thursday and Friday

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