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Diversity of Life

Diversity of Life. Oldest Fossils. 3.5 billion years ago Prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic Cells. 1.5 Billion years ago. Cambrian Period. Trilobites Many animal groups evolved during the “Cambrian Explosion”. Paleozoic Era. Fish Amphibians Reptiles. Mesozoic Era. Age of Dinosaurs.

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Diversity of Life

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  1. Diversity of Life

  2. Oldest Fossils • 3.5 billion years ago • Prokaryotic cells

  3. Eukaryotic Cells • 1.5 Billion years ago

  4. Cambrian Period • Trilobites • Many animal groups evolved during the “Cambrian Explosion”

  5. Paleozoic Era • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles

  6. Mesozoic Era Age of Dinosaurs

  7. Cenozoic Era Age of Mammals

  8. Mass Extinctions • End of Paleozoic (Permian Period) • 90% of life becomes extinct • End or Mesozoic (Cretaceous Period) • Dinosaurs become extinct

  9. Meteorite (Asteroid) • Dinosaur extinction

  10. Virus Structure • DNA or RNA • Genes producing new viruses • Protein capsid • Protects nucleic acid inside • Spikes • Used for attachment to a cell

  11. Virus Protein Coat DNA or RNA

  12. Virus Attaches to Body Cell

  13. Viral DNA Enters Host

  14. Protein coats synthesized from viral DNA instructions

  15. Viral DNA Synthesized

  16. Viruses Exit Cell

  17. Host Cell Killed by Virus

  18. Viral Diseases • Flu • AIDS • Measles • Hepatitis

  19. Bacteria • Prokaryotic cells • Single-celled • Tuberculosis • Tetanus • Food poisoning • Plague

  20. Antibiotics • Interfere with enzymes of bacteria • Inhibit cell wall synthesis • Inhibit protein synthesis

  21. Kingdom Protista • Unicellular • Protozoa • Animal like • Algae • Plant like

  22. Zooflagellates • Move by flagella • Giardia • Giardiasis • Backpackers disease • Beaver fever • Inhabits intestines of several animals and man • Cramping and diarrhea

  23. Zooflagellates • Trypanosoma • Parasites in the blood • Chagas disease • Central and South America • Sleeping sickness • Africa

  24. CiliatesParamecium • Move with cilia • Movie

  25. AmoeboidsMove with pseudopodia

  26. Sporozoa • Endoparasite • Plasmodium • attacks red blood cells • malaria

  27. Malaria • Most important parasitic disease of humans today • WHO estimates that 300 million new cases occur annually with 2 million annual deaths • Transmitted by bite of infected mosquitoes of genus Anopheles

  28. Algae • Chloroplasts • Photosynthesis • Ancestors or plants

  29. Plants • Evolved from algae 435 MYA • Waxy cuticle to prevent water loss

  30. Bryophytes • Moss • No vascular tissue • Limits upward growth • Motile sperm • Limited to moist habitat

  31. Bryophytes • Gametophyte • Produce gametes • Dominant • Sporophyte • Produce spores

  32. Ferns • Vascular tissue • Grow larger than moss • Seedless • Motile sperm • Need moist habitat • Sporophyte dominant

  33. Carboniferous Period • Huge forests made of seedless vascular plants • Converted into coal, oil and gas.

  34. Gymnosperms • Produce seeds • Do not depend on water for fertilization • Sperm are in pollen • Not restricted to moist habitat • Needle-like leafs prevent water loss

  35. Cones • Conifers • Male and female cones • Seed produced on an open cone • Cones are gametophyte • Tree (except cones) is sporophyte

  36. Angiosperms • Vascular tissue • Non-motile sperm in pollen grains • Do not require water for fertilization

  37. Seed Protected • 1 is seed • 2 is ovary • Ovary is fruit

  38. Flower • 1 = petal • 2 = anther • 3 = filament • 4 = stigma • 5 = style • 6 = ovary • 7 = ovule • 8 = pistol • 9 = sepal 9 Text page 554

  39. Fungi • Decomposers • Parasites • Diseases of plants and animals

  40. Thrush

  41. Reproduction • Release spores • Budding

  42. The End

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