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Diversity of Life

lundy avatar
lundy
13 diapositives · 315 Views · Jul 21, 2014

Vertebrates are a diverse group of organisms characterized by having a backbone, which is an essential part of their internal skeleton made up of vertebrae. This article delves into the various types of vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Each class has unique features, such as ectothermic or endothermic regulation, types of heart chambers, and specific reproductive systems. Learn about the fascinating adaptations that enable these animals to thrive in their environments and the evolutionary significance they hold in the animal kingdom.

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Diversity of Life
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  1. Diversity of Life Part III: Vertebrates

  2. What is a vertebrate • Has a backbone that is part of an internal skeleton • Formed by bones called vertebrae • Joints between vertebrae give flexibility

  3. Fish • Vertebrate that lives in the water and uses fins to move • Ectothermic (body doesn’t produce internal heat, body temp. changes depending on temp of environment) • Obtain oxygen from water through gills (contain blood vessels to transport the oxygen) • Closed circulatory system (2 chambered heart) • Most have external fertilization

  4. Types of fish • Jawless (No jaws and no scales) • Skeletons made out of cartilage, a tissue that is more flexible than bone. • Examples: Hagfish and Lampreys (attach their mouths to healthy fish and suck the blood and tissues out!) • Cartilaginous (have jaws and scales) • Skeletons made out of cartilage • Examples: Sharks and sting rays • Bony fish (has jaws, scales, and skeleton made of hard bone) • Contains a swim bladder (gas-filled sac to help fish stay at different depths in the water) • 95% of all fish species

  5. Amphibians • Vertebrate • Ectothermic • 3 chambered heart • Spends early life in water and adult life on land going back to the water to reproduce. • Lose lungs during metamorphosis and use lungs when living on land (organ to exchange oxygen and CO2 between the air and the blood) • Examples: Salamanders, frogs • Most go through a metamorphosis early in their life changing from a larvae to an adult (tadpolesfrogs)

  6. Reptiles • Examples: Lizards, snakes, alligators, dinosaurs • Ectothermic vertebrate • Has lungs (first organisms to live entirely on land) • Scaly skin • Lays their eggs on land (not in water) • Live entire life on land (so they must conserve the water inside of them!) • Use skin, kidneys and eggs to conserve water

  7. Birds • Endothermic (body regulates its own temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces) • Vertebrate • Lays eggs • Has feathers • 4 chambered heart • Adaptations for flight (different types of feathers function for different purposes, hollow bones, large chest muscles) • Has crop (organ that stores food)and gizzard (grinds food) for eating. Don’t need teeth!

  8. Mammals • Endothermic • Vertebrates • 4 chambered heart • Skin covered with fur or hair • Most born alive • Every young mammal is fed with milk produced by organs in its mother’s body (mammary glands)

  9. Mammals cont… • Have a large muscle called the diaphragm that works with rib muscles to breathe in and out. • Many specialized adaptations for movement (swinging on trees, hopping, running) • Complex nervous system that coordinates movements. (highly developed senses)