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Understanding the Oceanic and Terrestrial Carbon Cycles: Processes and Impacts

This overview explores the intricacies of the oceanic and terrestrial carbon cycles, detailing various processes such as upwelling, photosynthesis, remineralization, and the seasonal dynamics affecting atmospheric CO2 levels. We highlight how nutrient cycling in the ocean boosts marine productivity and the relationships between carbon sources and sinks. Furthermore, the influence of fossil fuel emissions, climate change, and seasonal asynchrony between photosynthesis and decomposition on CO2 flux are examined, along with GHG emissions data from key NOAA observatories.

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Understanding the Oceanic and Terrestrial Carbon Cycles: Processes and Impacts

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  1. Oceanic Carbon Cycle • Upwelling brings nutrients (e.g. PO4) to euphotic zone • Photosynthesis (Dissolved Inorg  Particulate Organic Matter) • Recycling and consumption • Sinking of particulate matter • Remineralization (POM  dissolved inorganic forms) S. Doney

  2. Marine Productivity • Upwelling brings from • below the mixed layer: • Nutrients and DIC •  increase pCO2 • Cold water • decrease pCO2 Chavez et al.

  3. atm CO2 DIC = CO2 + HCO3- + CO3= 1-2% 90% photosyn remineralization DIC, NO3 depth From the Atmosphere’s Perspective: 90 Pg C/yr

  4. 120 PgC/yr 60 60 800 PgC 1200 PgC Terrestrial Carbon Cycle • Growth, mortality, decay • Population: {ages} • Photosynthesis (climate, CO2, soil H2O, resource limitation) • Decay (T, soil H2O,..)

  5. Photosynthesis From Atm CO2 Flux Respiration To Atm Jan Dec Impact on Atmospheric CO2 • Seasonal asynchrony between photosynthesis and decomposition •  net fluxes of CO2 to and from atm •  seasonal cycle of CO2 in atm • Annual imbalance  carbon source/sink

  6. NOAA Observatories Pt Barrow, AK MaunaLoa SouthPole AmericanSamoa

  7. Atm CO2 measurements • NOAA-CMDL • ~ 100 sites at remote marine locations • Long-term increase • Seasonal cycle • N-S gradient

  8. Fossil Fuel Emissions Land and Ocean Sinks Atmospheric Increase Atmospheric CO2 Budget Land & ocean sinks ~ 50% of FF emission sensitive to climate perturbations

  9. USA China Canada UK Russian Federation Germany India Japan Total CO2 Emission: 1997

  10. Amazon-fishbone

  11. PerCapita CO2 Emission: 1997

  12. Depletion of Atm Oxygen: • Burning of Fossil Fuels  long term decrease • Decomposition of Organic Carbon  seasonal cycle

  13. Temperature Departure (K) Vostok – a station on Antarctica: Analysis of ice and gas bubbles trapped in ice yields past climate history of last 460,000 years

  14. Annual GHG Emissions per Vehicle

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