2. Direct Democracy: all voters make laws. .___ ____is also called ( representative Democracy) people vote on representative and they make laws Indirect Democracy

3. Constitution

4. Articles of Confederation first constitution, weak and lead to the constitutional convention. List three weaknesses . Can’t make treaties One branch Can’t control trade

5. ____ _______ showed new federal government needed to be a strong central government Shays' Rebellion

6. Constitutional Convention has two major compromises Slavery: 3/5 Two Houses based population & Equal vote

7. Madison used two systems to convince delegates to except a president Separation of powers Checks & balances

8. political equality: Who picked House Senate President Popular vote State legislatures Electoral College

9. Federalism

10. Constitution set _______ federal and states share powers Federalism

11. ____ ______set up reserve power for the states Tenth Amendment

12. The McCulloch v. Maryland set up 1___ ____ also called 2___ ____ . Implied powers elastic clause

13. At the beginning, we used dual federalism later that changed to __ __ cooperative federalism:

14. Congress

15. The framers set up the House to be closer to the people than the Senate. They did this by all House members elected every two years Vacancy in House: must be an election 2 year term

16. The framers set up the Senate to be slow to change. They did this by Only 1/3 elected Every two years Vacancy: governor Can replace 6 year terms

17. Only the House has ____ and only the Senate has ____ Rules Committee Filibuster

18. Both Houses used the ___ system to pick chairperson of committee Seniority

19. Formal power of the House are All revenue bills Must start in House Impeachment Ties in electoral College

20. Formal power of the Senate are Approve appointment try impeachment Approve treaties

21. President

22. Formal Power of President in constitution: commander-in-Chief appointment power make treaties

23. Informal Power of President in constitution: Executive privilege Move troops Executive agreement Executive Order

24. President Clinton had Line-item veto power. It was declared unconstitutional in ___ v___ because it challenges the principles _____ _ ____ Clinton v. N.Y. Separation of powers

25. Twenty-second Amendment, After FDR died in office the __ amendment was passed that limits them to two such terms. Twenty-second Amendment

26. The __ Amendment clarifies what to do when the president is disabled. Twenty-fifth Amendment

27. Bureaucracy

28. Independent regulatory agenciesget their power from the ability to_ (3) make rules for companies enforce the rules on companies Judge the rules on companies

29. Pendleton Civil Service Act set up Civil Service Act and __ ___: Hiring or promotion based on merit/experience/qualifications Merit system

30. Federal court s And cases

31. The Constitution set up only one Court and that was___ Supreme Court

32. Judicial review was set up by__ v__ Marbury v Madison

33. Which federal court has: 1.original jurisdiction. 2. only federal courts in which trials 3. 90% of federal cases begin in this courts District court

34. Which federal court has: 1. appellate jurisdiction 2. created to help Supreme Court load Court of Appeals

35. In the Supreme Court four justices must agree to review a case. This is called __ Rule of four

36. __ v __= can search trash if no expectation of privacy Cal. V. Greenwood

37. __ v __= Person arrested must be informed of their rights it be silence Miranda v. Arizona

38. __ v __= Evidence gained illegally can not be used in court Mapp v. Ohio:

39. __ v __= Set up implied Powers McCulloch vs. Maryland

40. __ v __=: desegregated public school. Overturn Plessy v. Ferguson Brown v. Board of Education

41. __ v __= School written prayer cannot be said in public schools Engel v. Vitale

42. __ v __= Bill of Rights applies to the national government, not states. Barron v. Baltimore :

43. __ v __= all defendants under six amendment are guaranteed to have a lawyer Gideon v. Wainwright

44. __ v __= not even the President of the United States, is above the law. U.S. v. Nixon

45. __ v __= Obscene material is not protected by the first amendment. Miller v. California:

46. __ v __= set how government assistance to religious school was unconstitutional. Lemon v Kurtzman

47. __ v __= set up reverse discrimination . Regents of University of California v. Bakke