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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. Important Terms:. Gene-segment of DNA DNA-blueprint for protein synthesis; information is “encoded”; 3 letters = 1 amino acid Protein-manufactures in the ribosome and major building material for cells RNA-single stranded; sugar is ribose; has uracil. 3 Types of RNA:.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. Important Terms: • Gene-segment of DNA • DNA-blueprint for protein synthesis; information is “encoded”; 3 letters = 1 amino acid • Protein-manufactures in the ribosome and major building material for cells • RNA-single stranded; sugar is ribose; has uracil

  3. 3 Types of RNA: • Transfer RNA (tRNA)-small, cloverleaf-shaped; recognizes m RNA codon in translation • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-helps form ribosomes • Messenger RNA (mRNA)-long, single nucleotide that resembles half of DNA molecule, carry message containing intructions for protein synthesis

  4. 2 Major Phases in Protein Synthesis: • Transcription – complementary RNA is made at DNA gene • Translation – information carried in mRNA is “decoded” to make proteins; occurs in the cytoplasm • Example: DNA gene: AAT-CGT-TCG-ATT-GCG Transcription: UUA-GCA-AGC-UAA-CGC Translation : Leu-Ala-Ser-STOP

  5. Events in Translation: • mRNA attaches to ribosomes • tRNA transfers amino acids to ribosomes (there are 20 common types of tRNA), tRNA have a special three-base sequence called anticodon on their “head” that can bind to complementary codons. • When tRNA is in position, ribosome moves the mRNA strand along bringing the next codon in position; joined together by enzymes.

  6. Events in Translation: • Amino acid is bonded and the tRNA is released and moves away from ribosome to pick another amino acid. • When the last codon is read “STOP”, the protein is then released.

  7. A Closer Look p. 88-89 How do you define cancer? What is the difference between benign and malignant tumor? 3.How does a typical colon cancer develops? 4.What is a carcinogen? Give some examples 5.What causes a normal cell to become one? 6.What are the treatments for cancer? 7.Are there any side effects for the treatment of cancer? If yes, explain some of the side effects

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