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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. Translation. The Big Picture. DNA (genes) information copied to make  mRNA (transcription) Information in mRNA sequence used to put together  Chain of amino acids(protein) Proteins determine physical traits of organism. Translation: Why.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis Translation

  2. The Big Picture • DNA (genes)information copied to make  • mRNA(transcription) • Information in mRNA sequence used to put together  • Chain of amino acids(protein) • Proteins determine physical traits of organism

  3. Translation: Why • mRNA has copied information from DNA into “nucleic acid” language (A,U,G,C) • Must be translated into “protein” language (amino acids)

  4. Translation Building Blocks of Proteins • Proteins are made of subunits • Amino acids • Amino group • Carboxyl group • R group is different for each amino acid

  5. Translation Building Blocks of Proteins • 20 different amino acids make up all proteins • Order of amino acids gives protein specific characteristics

  6. Amino acids: Building Blocks of Proteins Peptide bond joins amino acids in proteins

  7. Translation: The Code • 4 letters in RNA:A, U, C, G • 3 letters = code for each amino acid • Codon = 3 base code for a specific amino acid

  8. Translation: The Code • 64 possible combinations (4x4x4) • More than 1 code for some amino acids • Start = AUG • Stop = UAA, UAG, UGA

  9. Translation: Where • Cytoplasm of cell

  10. Translation: The Players • mRNA with 3-base codons • Start codon • Stop codon

  11. Translation: The Players • tRNA • Matches correct amino acid with codon • Anticodon • Amino acid

  12. Translation: The Players • Composed of rRNA & protein • Ribosomes assemble the protein • Move along mRNA • tRNA brings amino acids

  13. Translation: Initiation • Begin at start codon • Assemble ribosomes • http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/translation/init.html

  14. Translation: Elongation • tRNA matches anticodon with codon in mRNA to bring correct amino acids to protein • Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids • http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/translation/elong1.html

  15. Translation: Termination • “Stop” codon is reached • Protein is released from ribosome • Protein folds into 3-D shape • http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/translation/term.html

  16. Translation • Many proteins can be translated from a single message

  17. The Complete Process • http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP1302

  18. Transcribe & translate a gene • Practice! • http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/

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