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Fig. 12-CO, p.301

Fig. 12-CO, p.301. Learning Objectives 1. What Is the Overall Process of Translating the Genetic Message? 2. What Is the Genetic Code? 3. What Is the Role of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in Amino Acid Activation

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Fig. 12-CO, p.301

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  1. Fig. 12-CO, p.301

  2. Learning Objectives • 1. What Is the Overall Process of Translating the • Genetic Message? • 2. What Is the Genetic Code? • 3. What Is the Role of Aminoacyl-tRNASynthetases in • Amino Acid Activation • 4. How Does Translation Take Place in Prokaryotes? • 5. How Does Translation Take Place in Eukaryotes? • 6. How Does Posttranslational Modification of Proteins • Take Place? • 7. How Are Proteins Degraded?

  3. The steps in protein biosynthesis Fig. 12-1, p.302

  4. Fig. 12-2, p.302

  5. Table 12-1, p.303

  6. Table 12-2, p.304

  7. “Wobble” base pairing Fig. 12-4, p.305

  8. Various base-pairing alternatives Fig. 12-5, p.306

  9. Fig. 12-6, p.308

  10. The Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase reaction Fig. 12-6a, p.308

  11. Fig. 12-6b, p.308

  12. The tRNA tertiary structure Fig. 12-7, p.309

  13. Fig. 12-8, p.310

  14. Fig. 12-9, p.310

  15. The formation of the initiation complex Fig. 12-10, p.312

  16. Various Shine-Dalgarno sequences recognized by E-Coli ribosomes Fig. 12-11, p.312

  17. Summary of the steps in Chain elongation Fig. 12-12, p.313

  18. Peptide bond formation in protein synthesis Fig. 12-13, p.314

  19. Comparison of the structures of puromycin and the 3’ end of an aminoacyl-tRNA Formation of a peptide bond between a peptidyl-tRNA bound at the P site of a ribosome and an aminoacyl-tRNA bound at the A site Fig. 12-14, p.315

  20. The events in peptide chain termination Fig. 12-15, p.316

  21. Table 12-3, p.317

  22. The 21st Amino Acid p.317

  23. Simultaneous protein synthesis on polysomes Fig. 12-17, p.319

  24. The characteristic structure of eukaryotic mRNA Fig. 12-19, p.320

  25. Table 12-4, p.321

  26. The three stages in the initiation of translation in eukaryotic cells Fig. 12-20, p.322

  27. mRNA looping in eukaryotic translation initiation Fig. 12-21, p.322

  28. Some examples of posttranslational modification of proteins Fig. 12-22, p.323

  29. Diagram of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway E1= ubiquitin activating enzyme E2 = ubiquitin-carrier protein E3 = ubiquitin-protein ligase Fig. 12-23, p.325

  30. Degradation of proteins with acidic N-terminal Fig. 12-24, p.326

  31. How do we adapt to high altitude p.327

  32. END Chapter 12

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