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Macromolecules Re-Teach

Macromolecules Re-Teach. Organic vs Inorganic. Organic Chemistry / Organic Molecules Organic Molecules contain C bonded to H Therefore, organic chemistry is the study of molecules containing C bonded to H. There are four macromolecules of interest. They are:. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins

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Macromolecules Re-Teach

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  1. Macromolecules Re-Teach

  2. Organic vs Inorganic • Organic Chemistry / Organic Molecules • Organic Molecules contain C bonded to H • Therefore, organic chemistry is the study of molecules containing C bonded to H

  3. There are four macromolecules of interest. They are: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  4. Most macromolecules are polymers. • This means they are chains of repeating subunits • The subunits are called • monomers • Polymers are built by a chemical reaction called • dehydration synthesis. • Polymers are broken down by a chemical reaction called • hydrolysis.

  5. Macromolecule 1: Carbohydrates • Names end in –ose • Formula is CH2O (Ex: C7H14O7, C9H18O9) • Function as storage of energy (short term) and structure • In plants, energy is stored as • Starch (a polysaccharide) • In animals, energy is stored as • Glycogen (a polysaccharide) • Plants use a carb called cellulose for structure • Insects use a carb called chitin for structure in their exoskeleton

  6. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates are made up of monomers called • Monosaccharides

  7. Carbohydrates • Also know: • Disaccharides – examples are sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), maltose (found in grain). Be able to recognize a disaccharide • Polysaccharides – structure & examples

  8. Macromolecule #2: Lipids • All lipids have one characteristic in common: • They are all hydrophobic • Broken down into three groups: • Fats (saturated and unsaturated) • Steroids • Phospholipids

  9. Lipids: Functions • Fats – Used as long-term energy storage • Steroids – Precursors of hormones • Phospholipids – Make up cell membranes • Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (the phosphate end) and a hydrophobic tail (the fatty acid end)

  10. Lipids • No real monomers for lipids – do not necessarily look alike • STEROID PHOSOPHOLIPID

  11. Fats Fats always have one glycerol part, and may have 1 to 3 fatty acid parts Know the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

  12. Both fats and carbs are used for • Structure • Energy • Cell membranes • Hormones

  13. Polymers are built with • Dehydration Synthesis • Hydrolysis

  14. Cell membranes are made of… • Fats • Carbs • Phospholipids • Steroids

  15. Chitin and cellulose are both… • Structure carbs • Structure lipids • Storage carbs • Storage lipids

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