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Macromolecules

Macromolecules. Carbs, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins. Macromolecules. Smallest units ( monomers ) form larger units ( polymers ). There are four groups of organic compounds found in living things…. Carbohydrates. Made up of C, H, and O. Carbs Contd.

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Macromolecules

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  1. Macromolecules Carbs, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins

  2. Macromolecules • Smallest units (monomers) form larger units (polymers). • There are four groups of organic compounds found in living things…

  3. Carbohydrates • Made up of C, H, and O

  4. Carbs Contd. • Living things use carbs as main source of energy! (quick energy) • Plants and some animals use for structure • Ex: Cell Walls = cellulose

  5. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. Polymer (cellulose) Cellulose is a polymer of glucose monomers that has a straight, rigid structure monomer

  6. Lipids!!! Too many mice Tom Cruise in 15 years!

  7. Lipids • Formed from chains of C and H

  8. Lipids • 2 main uses • 1) Store energy • 2) Used in biological membranes • Ex: Fats, oils, waxes, steroids

  9. Lipids • Saturated – No double bonds • Max number of hydrogens = bad

  10. Lipids • Unsaturated – have one or more double bonds = good

  11. Nucleic Acids • Made of H, O, N, C, and P • Made of monomers called Nucleotides:

  12. Nucleic Acids • Store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information • Ex: DNA RNA

  13. Proteins • Contain N, C, H, and O • Multiple amino acids make a protein • 20 amino acids found in nature

  14. Proteins • After an amino acid chain is formed, it folds into a unique three-dimensional shape, which is the protein’s secondary structure, such as a helix or a pleat.

  15. Proteins • As Enzymes: help carry out chemical reactions, transport molecules, and fight disease • Ex: catalase - breaks down hydrogen peroxide

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