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Macromolecules

Explore the structure, function, and examples of macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Learn how they provide energy, support bodily functions, and contribute to overall health.

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Macromolecules

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  1. Macromolecules

  2. Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic acids

  3. Macromolecules • Giant molecule • Made from thousands or even hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules.

  4. Formed by a process known as polymerization • Large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together. • Monomers joined together to form polymers

  5. Carbohydrates • List examples of foods that contain carbohydrates • Function of carbohydrates

  6. Carbohydrates • Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • 1:2:1 ratio

  7. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates provide living things their main energy source.

  8. Monosaccharide • Simple sugar • Glucose • Fructose • Galactose

  9. Monosaccharides

  10. Disaccharide • Simple sugar • Sucrose (table sugar)

  11. Polysaccharide • Complex carbohydrate • Many animals store excess sugar in the form of a polysaccharide • Glycogen (stored in your liver and muscle)

  12. Polysaccharide • Plants store their polysaccharide in the form of starch

  13. Polysaccharide • Cellulose • Tough and flexible fibers give plants much of their strength and rigidity • Major component of wood and paper.

  14. Food & Nutrients p.971-976 • Food: energy and body functions, Calorie=heat needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. (1 Tbs, 1oF), 2200female, 2800male, balanced diet • Nutrients: water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals. • Water: Most important, chemical reactions take place in water. 1 liter per day • Carbohydrates: energy, sugar=fast energy, starch=slow energy, fiber=not digested • Fats: Need essential fatty acids, some vitamins are fat soluble, store energy, saturated=solid=bad, unsaturated=liquid=good, health risk • Proteins: growth/repair, control chemical reactions, amino acids, essential amino acids • Vitamins and Minerals: help chemical reactions, vitamins organic, minerals inorganic, not for energy, build body structures

  15. Are your CELLS properly Fueled?

  16. What is it? Rice Bread Carrots Soda Pizza Banana Burger

  17. What we will be looking at… • Carbohydrates- energy for cells • Saccharides • Mono=simple • Poly= starch and glycogen, Cellulose • Proteins-biological function • Peptide • Support, enzymes, movement, hormones • Fats- insulations and cell membranes • Lipids

  18. Carbs • Objective: understand the structure and function of carbs (know the 3 different types of saccarhides and where they are found.) • Carbohydrate • Lab reports • Movie (Nova)

  19. Carbohydrates

  20. Glucose vs. Fructose

  21. Carbohydrates

  22. Lab Reports Title Question: Hypothesis: Materials: Procedure: Data: Results/Analysis: Conclusion:

  23. Carbs- lab • Objective: For students to known that different food contain different types of saccharide, Complex vs simple • All sugars not created equal

  24. Review • Mono

  25. Review • Poly

  26. LAB • ALL SUGARS NOT EQUAL LAB

  27. Proteins • Objective: For students to understand that proteins are broken down into Amino acids then put together to form new proteins in the body • Proteins notes • Testing for proteins

  28. Protein

  29. Antibodies - are specialized proteins involved in defending the body from antigens (foreign invaders). Contractile Proteins - are responsible for movement. Enzymes - are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions. referred to as catalysts because they speed up chemical reactions.Hormonal Proteins - are messenger proteins which help to coordinate certain bodily activities Structural Proteins - are fibrous and stringy and provide support. Receptor Proteins- receives specific chemical signals from neighboring cells, allows thing in and out of cells Storage Proteins - store amino acids.Transport Proteins - are carrier proteins which move molecules from one place to another around the body.

  30. Protein

  31. Protein

  32. Protein Nutrition Facts • Complete Protein • All amino acids (animals) • Incomplete • Lack essential amino acids (plants) • Animal and plant proteins same effect on body • Pay attention what comes with the protein • Fat or fiber

  33. GOGGLES MUST BE ON AT ALL TIMES Protein test

  34. Summary • Cannot just eat a specific protein to have more in the body. Has to break down into AA then rebuild into a new protein.

  35. Lipids • Objective: Understand the structure and function of lipids. • Notes • Obesity Discussion

  36. Lipids

  37. Saturated Un-saturated Bad vs Good Fats

  38. Lipid Nutrition facts • Type is what matters • Bad • Saturated • Animal fats • We make all we need • Tans • Processed foods, fats food • Hydrogenated • Good • Unsaturated • Mono-, poly- • Improve health • Nuts, vegetable oil, seeds

  39. OBESITY • WHAT IS IT….. Obesity means having too much body fat. It is not the same as being overweight, which means weighing too much. Cause Obesity is influenced by many other factors, also, including your family history, mental state, the type of work you do, your race, and your environment Prevention More calories out then in. Healthy eating. Being mentally and physically healthy.

  40. Research project • Objective: For students to relate the information they have learned about different macromolecule and nutrients that our body needs to every day illnesses. • Apply class information to familiar illnesses

  41. Food, Nutrition, Health • Iron deficiency • Iron deficiency anemia • Zinc • Growth retardation • Thiamine (Vitamin B1) • Beriberi • Niacin (Vitamin B3) • Pellagra • Vitamin C • Scurvy • Vitamin D • Osteoporosis • Rickets • Obesity • Heart Disease • Diabetes • Proteins/fats/carbohydrates • Protein-energy malnutrition • Kwashiorkor • Marasmus • Mental retardation[2] • [edit] Dietary vitamins and minerals • Calcium • Osteoporosis • Rickets • Tetany • Iodine deficiency • Goiter • Selenium deficiency • Keshan disease • Eatting disorders

  42. Monomers and Polymers of Biomolecules

  43. Cell membrane lab • Wax paper tooth pick

  44. Casing for cells Function Properties Marker proteins Semi-perm Equalimbrium Channels vitiamns Proteins in by layers tranip Cell membrane

  45. Phosolipid • Hydrophilic- Head • Water Loveing • Polar Water soluble • Hydrophobic - • Try to avoid water • Non-polar (insoluble)

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