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EUROPEAN COLONIALISM

EUROPEAN COLONIALISM. IN VIETNAM. A POLICY ADOPTED BY BRITISH, DUTCH FRENCH AND SPANISH OVER 200 YEAR PERIOD WHERE EUROPEAN LIFE WAS IMPOSED ON LESS DEVELOPED AND VULNERABLE NATIONS NECESSARY TO 19 TH CENTURY EUROPEAN NATIONS FOR EXPANSION OF EMPIRE ACQUISITION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

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EUROPEAN COLONIALISM

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  1. EUROPEAN COLONIALISM IN VIETNAM

  2. A POLICY ADOPTED BY BRITISH, DUTCH FRENCH AND SPANISH OVER 200 YEAR PERIOD WHERE EUROPEAN LIFE WAS IMPOSED ON LESS DEVELOPED AND VULNERABLE NATIONS • NECESSARY TO 19TH CENTURY EUROPEAN NATIONS FOR • EXPANSION OF EMPIRE • ACQUISITION OF NATURAL RESOURCES • PROVISION OF INDIGENOUS LABOUR FORCE WHAT WAS COLONIALISM?

  3. First European influence came from Catholic missionaries from France in 16th century to ‘spread the word of God’ • Over time clergymen were accompanied by French government officials, military experts, astronomers, physicians and merchants who saw potential in Vietnam as a colonial outpost and wanted to establish a long-term relationship with Vietnam VIETNAM’S EARLY RELATIONSHIP WITH EUROPE

  4. The Vietnamese Royal court wanted to create trade links with France but were not responsive to the Catholic priests whose goals of converting the Vietnamese people to Catholicism went against their traditional spiritual beliefs. • When there was a civil war in 1802 between Vietnamese warlords Gai Long appealed to his military adviser, a French Bishop and French troops helped. In return, missionary work was tolerated. • Between 1820 and 1840 clergymen were harassed, arrested and deported. Dozens were beheaded creating martyrs and strengthening the Catholic church’s belief that the Vietnamese needed to be civilised by Christianity.

  5. “The White Man’s Burden” was the underpinning justification for Britain and France’s foreign policies in Africa and Asia in the 19th century • It stressed European superiority over indigenous people who were considered inferior and a belief in the duty of more civilised Europeans to enlighten the people La mission civilisatrice / The white man’s burden

  6. Worked in and out of Vietnam between 1627-1640 • Claimed to have converted 6700 Vietnamese to Catholicism • Was deported three times and threatened with beheading but did return The role of Alexandre de Rhodes (1591-1660)

  7. Gave Vietnamese new written language – Romanised writing system based on Vietnamese oral tones – an easier alternative to Chinese characters • Rhodes wrote reports back to France reporting Vietnam’s economic potential, simple government and ineffective army • King Louis XIV created La Societe des Missions Etrangeres (French Society of Foreign Missions) and the French East India Company – together these groups represented Church, State and Commerce, defining French motives in Asia for the next 200 years

  8. French missionaries capitalised on variety of problems in Nguyen Dynasty: • TuDuc had inherited a thone rapidly losing appeal from peasant’s point of view • Successive droughts and floods resulted in starvation • Taxes increased to meet needs of extravagant Royal Court • Social revolts haunted TuDuc • The backbone of the nation was uneasy and unhappy • Missionaries succeeded in further tarnishing TuDuc’s credibility as a monarch Why did the French gain a foothold in Vietnam?

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