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Immune System & Disease

Immune System & Disease. Chapter 31. In the 1850’s Pasteur proposed the Germ Theory Specific microorganisms cause disease. Types of pathogens that cause disease. Bacteria Viruses Fungi- occur in warm damp areas Protozoa Parasites. How are Bacteria and Viruses Different?.

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Immune System & Disease

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  1. Immune System & Disease Chapter 31

  2. In the 1850’s Pasteur proposed theGerm TheorySpecific microorganisms cause disease • Types of pathogens that cause disease. • Bacteria • Viruses • Fungi- occur in warm damp areas • Protozoa • Parasites

  3. How are Bacteria and Viruses Different?

  4. BacteriaThe Prokaryotes • Reproduce by Binary Fission • Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

  5. HelpfulBacteria in Nature • Decomposers • Nitrogen cycle • Industry • Food- yogurt!

  6. Harmful BacteriaCause disease by • Releasing toxins into the body • Directly break down tissue of organism for food

  7. VirusesLatin for Poison • Not living • Require a host cell to reproduce!! • Consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

  8. Virus enters host cell Host cell produce viral DNA Host cell bursts Viral Infection

  9. Retroviruses • Viruses that have RNA as their genetic material • HIV leads to AID’s HIV kills our Helper T cells

  10. Common Viruses • Flu • Chicken Pox • Warts • Mono • Rabies

  11. Treatment Viruses Bacteria • Antibiotics • Vaccination • Vaccination Immunity from vaccination can be temporary or permanent

  12. How our Bodies defend against pathogenic organisms Nonspecific vs. specific defenses

  13. Nonspecific Defense • Skin- the most important! • Oil and sweat create an acidic environment • Mucus, saliva, sweat, tears, contain lysosomes that break down bacterial cell walls • Inflammatory response- fever and swelling

  14. Types of Immunity Active Passive • Body mounts an active response to the pathogen • The development of antibodies in response to stimulation by an antigen • Produced by vaccination or getting the disease • Temporary immunity • A mother provides passive immunity to her baby in her uterus and after birth by breastfeeding

  15. Specific DefenseThe Antibody Antigen Reaction • An antigen triggers an immune system response • Antigens are specific for each pathogen • Lymphocytes produce antibodies. • Once formed the antibodies are held in memory B cells (lymphocytes) so that the body has permanent immunity to that disease

  16. Antibodies help kill the intruder by: • 1. Binding to antigens on surface of microbes • 2. Clustering antigens together

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