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Rivers and Streams

Rivers and Streams. The Hydrologic Cycle. Rivers and Streams. Drainage basin or watershed. A River Drainage Basin. Mill Creek Drainage Basin. Walla Walla River Drainage Basin. Mill Creek Drainage Basin. Flow. Flow. Equilibrium and the longitudinal profile. Gradient Velocity Discharge

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Rivers and Streams

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  1. Rivers and Streams The Hydrologic Cycle

  2. Rivers and Streams Drainage basinorwatershed

  3. A River Drainage Basin Mill Creek Drainage Basin

  4. Walla Walla River Drainage Basin Mill Creek Drainage Basin

  5. Flow

  6. Flow

  7. Equilibrium and the longitudinal profile Gradient Velocity Discharge Q = V x A ft3/sec (cfs) or m3/sec (cms) V = velocity A = Cross-sectional area = Width x mean depth Base level (ultimate and local)Gradient Load

  8. Velocity Variation

  9. Variations with Discharge

  10. Load

  11. Load: • Bed load (rolling, saltation) • Suspended load: silt and clay carried in suspension • Dissolved load: ions in solution HCO3- SO42- Ca2+ Na+ Mg2+ typically  90% of dissolved Competence: the amount of load that a particular stream can carry

  12. Load: Suspended Load

  13. Load: Bed-load

  14. 2000 Hydrograph for Mill Creek at Walla Walla 1800 Averages for 1942-1990 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Maximum 200 Mean Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Discharge (cfs)

  15. The Graded StreamThe Longitudinal Profile

  16. Braided/Meandering

  17. Braided/Meandering

  18. Velocity Variation

  19. Meandering and Floodplains

  20. Point Bar – Cut Bank

  21. Point Bar – Cut Bank

  22. Point Bar – Cut Bank

  23. Point Bar – Cut Bank

  24. Meandering and Floodplains

  25. Meandering and Floodplains

  26. Meandering and Floodplains

  27. Meandering and Floodplains

  28. Meandering and Floodplains

  29. Meandering and Floodplains

  30. Meandering and Floodplains

  31. Deltas

  32. Deltas

  33. Deltas

  34. Deltas

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