Citations

1. Citations Tell them where you got your info…

2. Definitions • Citations are your indication that you are using information that you got from another source (shows you’re honest). • There are “in-text” citations, and “Bibliographies.”

3. Styles • There are MANY citation styles • Most academic areas have their own style • All have some things in common: • Author, date, title, document type, and publication info

4. Styles • The two most common styles are “MLA” and APA” • “MLA” = Modern Language Association • “APA” = American Psychological Association

5. Any style: in-text • There are “exact” quotations, and “paraphrasing.” • “Exact” = just that. Not aSINGLE thing has been changed • “Paraphrase” = you took their idea, and put it in your own words.

6. Any style: Exact in-text • Use quotation marks. “x” • Be sure to have at beginning AND end. • Punctuation (usually) goes inside the quotation marks. • Put the cite at the end.

7. Any style: Exact in-text You want to use -Puppies are cute Punctuation Parenthesis Quotation Marks “ “ ( ) . Puppies are cute Author,etc Where did you get it? Need the “cite” Lastly, end the sentence.

8. MLA: in-text Author’s last name and page number (no comma) “Puppies are cute” (Smith 436).

9. MLA: in-text If you mention the author in the sentence - Professor Jack Smith says, “Puppies are cute” (238-39). Just put the page numbers (you already listed the author)

10. MLA - Text Stuff Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 289) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx This quote is indented 10 spaces because it is more than 4 lines long Citation after the final punctuation, in parenthesis Text

11. MLA - Bibliography • At the top of a new page, put “Works Cited” • List in alphabetical order by author’s last name • 2nd line (or more) are indented 5 spaces. • The entire list is double spaced

12. MLA - Bibliography • Books by one author: • Titles are underlined, or italicized • If no author, begin with the title • City of publication (state if it’s small)

13. MLA - Bibliography • Shortened form of publisher (Macmillan Publishing Company = Macmillan) • The year of publication Walker, Alice. The Temple of My Familiar. New York: Harcourt, 1989.

14. MLA - Bibliography • Revisable Internet/On-Line sources: • Provide author, title, electronic publication information, the date you viewed it, and the full URL • If the URL goes to another line, break it after a slash

15. MLA - Bibliography • Include the site’s creator (if given), the title of the site (or a description, such as “homepage” if no title), and the name of any institution it’s affiliated with. Smith, Jack. The One-Room School Homepage. 21 Mar. 2005 <http://www.msc.cornell.edu/ ~weeds/SchoolPages/welcome.html>.

16. APA: Exact in-text Put author’s last name and the year of publication separated by a comma. (Smith, 2003). “Puppies are cute”

17. APA: Exact in-text If you mention the author in the sentence - Professor Jack Smith says, “Puppies are cute” (2003). Just put the publication year (you already listed the author)

18. APA – Text stuff Long quotes are introduced with a colon Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx. (Smith, 2004) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx This quote is block indented 5 spaces because it is over 40 words Source in parenthesis outside final punctuation Text

19. APA - Bibliography • At the top of a new page, put “References.” • List in alphabetical order by author’s last name • 2nd line (or more) are indented 5 spaces. • The entire list is double spaced

20. APA - Bibliography • If no author, use the first important word of the title. • If more than one work by same author, list from oldest to newest • If the same year, same author, arrange alphabetically by title – add an “a,” “b” etc.

21. APA - Bibliography • Books by one author: • Begin with author’s last name, initials for first and middle names. • Date of publication in parenthesis after the name • Underline or italicize the title

22. APA - Bibliography • Capitalize only the first word of titles, first words after colons, and proper names • Only a city (unless small) • Shortened form of publisher’s name Markel, M.H. (2003). Technical writing: Situations and strategies (3rd ed.). New York: St. Martin’s.

23. APA - Bibliography • Revisable internet/on-line sources: • Use the most recent revision date (if available). • In square brackets after the title, identify the type of page [on-line database, journal etc]

24. APA - Bibliography • For publication info – put the date viewed, and the complete URL • If URL goes to a second line, break after a slash or a period

25. APA - Bibliography Central Intelligence Agency. (1977) The World Factbook page on Mexico, Section: People. In 1996 World Factbook [On-line database]. Retreived October 17, 1997, from the World Wide Web: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/ nsolo/factbook/mx-p.htm.