Citations

1. Citations

3. Frequently Asked Questions Who is going to help me if I can’t do it? How do I know when to cite? Why do I have to cite sources in my research paper, anyway?

4. Purpose for citing your sources • Academic Integrity • Authority • Prevents Plagiarism • Identify the sources used

5. CITE DO NOT CITE When to cite Author’s idea Author’s thought Author’s opinion Author’s research Quotations Summary of someone’s work or research Other people’s pictures, illustrations, etc. Common knowledge Your ideas Your thoughts Your opinions Your artwork/pictures

6. In-text Citations Correspond to Your Bibliography/Works Cited Lists • Bibliography • Complete list of every source you used for the assignment • Works Cited • A list of all of the resources that were CITED in the assignment In-text citation • Pointing to where you got your information from (data, quotes, images, facts) inside the body of the text

7. Citation Styles APA stands for American Psychological Association. APA style is used in the social sciences. MLA stands for Modern Language Association. It is used in the humanities.

8. Citation Examples Single Author Multiple authors No Author Webpage

9. MLA In-text citation In the body of your paper Leroy predicted in 1998 that eBay would become the most lucrative Internet business, surpassing most businesses even during tough economic times (45). Or, Founded in 1995 by Pierre Omidyar, Jeff Skoll and Meg Whitman, eBay has become the most lucrative Internet business (Leroy 45). In your works cited page Leroy, Jonathan G. eBay: Stunning Success. New York: Dover Publishing, 2001. Print.

10. MLA In-text citation TIP: When there are two authors, cite both of them. Three or more, use et al. Write the first name and et al. follows. A book with two or more authors According to Franklin and Moss, “Approximately a half-million African Americans saw service overseas during World War II” (440). A significant number of African Americans served in World War II (Franklin and Moss 440). In your works cited page Franklin, John Hope and Alfred A. Moss. From Slavery to Freedom. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. Print.

11. MLA In-text citation No Author associated with the magazine article The American Academy of Dermatology suggests using a sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays and has a SPF of at least 15 (“Shining the Light on Sunscreen” 21). The higher the number, the more your skin will be protected. In your works cited page “Shining the Light on Sunscreen.”A Brighter Society. 5 Dec. 1998: 21-23. Print. TIP: When the author is unknown, use the title of the book, article or organization. If the title is long, you can always shorten it.

12. MLA In-text citation Using the entire webpage, not just a document The Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged is a National Historic Landmark. Today, it is owned and operated by the AME Zion Church (“Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged”).  In your works cited page "Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged." NRHP Travel Itinerary. 1998. National Park Service. Web. 13 Dec 2008. TIP: If no author is available, then use the title of the webpage in quotes.

13. In-Text Citation Tips • Try to introduce your author, the work, or the date it was written • i.e. According to Thompson’s article, • i.e. In the article “The Right Way To Do Laundry,” • i.e. Published in 2007, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was hands-down the best book of the 21st century. • In-text citations allow you to find more information on the works cited page easily • Use author’s last name and page numbers. • Do not use “pp.” or “p.” or “pgs.” • If there’s no author, then use the article’s title.

14. Let’s Play A Game • To Cite or Not to Cite? • Benjamin Franklin was born in Massachusetts on January 17, 1706.

15. To Cite or Not to Cite? • "Here is my Creed," Franklin wrote to Stiles. "I believe in one God, Creator of the Universe”.

16. To Cite or Not to Cite? • Benjamin Franklin through his writings and discussion swayed many of the founding fathers towards his ideas.

17. To Cite or Not to Cite? • The Scottish philosopher David Hume told Franklin: America has sent us many good things, Gold, Silver, Sugar, Tobacco, Indigo . . . . But you are the first Philosopher, and indeed the first Great Man of Letters for whom we are beholden.

18. Let’s Try Another Game • Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down? • According to Fea in his book Religion and Early Politics: Benjamin Franklin and His Religious Beliefs, “The Scottish philosopher David Hume told Franklin: America has sent us many good things, Gold, Silver, Sugar, Tobacco, Indigo . . . . But you are the first Philosopher, and indeed the first Great Man of Letters for whom we are beholden”.

19. Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down? • The Scottish philosopher David Hume told Franklin: America has sent us many good things, Gold, Silver, Sugar, Tobacco, Indigo . . . . But you are the first Philosopher, and indeed the first Great Man of Letters for whom we are beholden (Fea 35).

20. Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down • The county court ruled that, “based on the Privy Council's disallowance, the act that allowed his parish to pay him in money instead of in tobacco was void, beyond the competence of the assembly to enact”(“The Parson’s Cause”). • *article from a database