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Hip Muscles

This article details the key muscles of the hip, including their origins, insertions, innervations, and functions. The anterior muscles comprise the sartorius, rectus femoris, tensor fascia lata, psoas major, and iliacus, focusing on movements like hip flexion and knee extension. Lateral muscles such as gluteus medius and minimus aid in hip abduction and internal rotation. The posterior group includes gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris, facilitating hip extension and external rotation. The medial muscles comprise pectineus, adductor brevis, longus, magnus, and gracilis, all contributing to hip adduction.

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Hip Muscles

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  1. Hip Muscles

  2. Anterior Muscles

  3. Sartorius • O – • ASIS • I – • Proximal anteromedial aspect of tibial condyle • N – • Femoral • F – • Hip FLx, ABD, ER • Knee Flx & medial rotation Can palpate off ASIS but difficult to palpate in medium to heavy legged persons

  4. Rectus Femoris • O – • AIIS • I – • Tibial tuberosity • N – • Femoral • F – • Knee EXT & Hip FLX Any place over anterior thigh

  5. Tensor Fascia Lata • O – • Iliac crest • I – • IT band and then into the knee via Gerdy’s tubercle • N – • Superior Gluteal • F – • Hip Flx, ABD, IR • Assist with knee Flx Slightly in front of greater trochanter

  6. Psoas Major • O – • Transverse processes T12-L5 • Intervertebral Disks T12-L5 • I – • Lesser trochanter of femur • N – • Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4) • F – • Hip Flex & ER Cannot be palpated unless rectus abdominus is relaxed

  7. Iliacus • O – • Illiac Fossa • I – • Lesser trochanter • N – • Femoral • F – • Hip Flx & ER • Assist with Hip ADD Cannot be palpated unless rectus abdominus is relaxed

  8. Lateral Muscles

  9. Gluteus Medius • O – • External surface of ilium between anterior & posterior gluteal lines • I – • greater trochanter • N – • Superior Gluteal • F – • Hip ABD, • Anterior fibers – IR & Flx • Posterior fibers -- ER and EXT Slightly in front and above the greater trochanter

  10. Gluteus Minimus • O – • External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior lines • I – • Greater trochanter • N – • Superior Gluteal • F – • Hip ABD, IR & Flx Cannot be palpated

  11. Posterior Muscles

  12. Gluteus Maximus • O – • Posterior gluteal line of ilium • Posterior surface of lower sacrum • Coccyx • I – • IT band and gluteal tuberosity • N – • Inferior Gluteal • F – • Hip EXT & ER • Upper fibers – Hip ABD • Lower Fibers – Hip ADD Wide area on posterior pelvis

  13. Semitendinosus • O – • Ishial Tuberosity • I – • Proximal medial surface of tibia • N – • Sciatic (tibial) • F – • Knee flexion • Assists with hip EXT Near the knee on posteromedial side

  14. Semimembranosus • O – • Ishial tuberosity • I – • Posteromedial apsect of medial tibial condyle • Medial meniscus • N – • Sciatic (tibial branch) • F – • Knee FLX • Assists with hip EXT Largely covered by other muscles, can palpate tendon on posteromedial aspect of tibia

  15. Biceps Femoris • O – • Long Head • Ishial tuberosity • Short Head • Linea Aspera • I • fibular head • N – • Long Head – Sciatic (tibial) • Short Head – Sciatic (Peroneal) • F – • Knee FLX & Hip EXT Posterolateral side of distal knee

  16. Deep Hip Rotators

  17. Piriformis • O – • Sacrum • I – • greater trochanter • N – • Sacral (L5-S2) • F – • Hip ER

  18. Gemellus Superior • O – • Anterior sacrum • Posterior portions of ishium • I – • greater trochanter • N – • Sacral (L5-S2) • F – • Hip ER

  19. Obturator Internus • O – • Anterior Ishium • I – • Greater trochanter • N – • Sacral (L4-L5, S1-S2) • F – • Hip ER

  20. Gemellus Inferior • O – • Anterior sacrum • Posterior portions of ishium • Obturator foramen • I – • Superior and poster portions of greater trochanter • N – • Sacral (L4-L5, S1-S2) • F – • Hip ER

  21. Obturator Externus • O – • Posterior portions of ishium • I – • Greater trochanter • N – • Obturator • F – • Hip ER

  22. Quadratus Femoris • O – • Posterior portions of ishium • I – • Greater trochanter • N – • Sacral (L4 -S1) • F – • Hip ER

  23. Medial Muscles

  24. Pectineus Angle between the pubic bone and femur • O – • Superior ramus of pubis • I – • Pectineal line of femur • N – • Femoral • F – • Hip ADD

  25. Adductor Brevis • O – • Body & Inferior pubic ramus • I – • Distal 2/3 of pectineal line • Proximal ½ of medial lip of linea aspera • N – • Obturator • F – • Hip ADD Cannot be palpated

  26. Adductor Longus • O – • Anterior pubis just below its crest • I – • Middle 1/3 of medial lip of linea aspera • N – • Obturator • F – • Hip ADD Just below pubic bone on medial side

  27. Adductor Magnus Posteromedial surface of thigh • O – • Inferior pubic ramus • Ishium ramus • Ishial tuberosity • I – • Line aspera • Adductor tubercle • Medial supracondylar line • N – • Anterior Portion --Obturator • Posterior Portion – Sciatic (Tibial) • F – • Hip ADD • Anterior Portion – Hip Flx • Posterior Portion – Hip EXT

  28. Gracilis • O – • Inferior ½ pubic symphysis • Medial margin of inferior pubic ramus • I – • Medial surface of proximal tibia • N – • Obturator • F – • Hip ADD • Assist knee Flx & IR Medial side of thigh 2-3 inches below pubic bone

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