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The Cold War

The Cold War. Stalin’s U.S.S.R. Joseph Stalin: Took over after Lenin’s death Became a brutal dictator . Totalitarian State:. Only one political party allowed → the Communist Party Took control of all aspects of life. Collectivization. Stalin’s plan to improve farming

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War

  2. Stalin’s U.S.S.R. • Joseph Stalin: Took over after Lenin’s death • Became a brutal dictator

  3. Totalitarian State: • Only one political party allowed → the Communist Party • Took control of all aspects of life

  4. Collectivization • Stalin’s plan to improve farming • Eliminated small farms – they were “collected” onto large, state-run farms • If you refused, you DIED

  5. 5-Year Plan • Stalin’s plan to industrialize • Focused on heavy industry (military, steel, mining, farm machines) • Not on consumer goods (things for people’s lives)

  6. Purges • Stalin’s attempt to eliminate anyone that could threaten his control • Many government officials were imprisoned or executed

  7. Ex. Trotsky exiled and killed

  8. + =

  9. World War II • Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler • Germany attacked the USSR → the USSR joined the “Allies”

  10. The Cold War I’ll help fight Japan and I’ll totally allow free elections in Eastern European countries soon. Yeah RIGHT Churchill Stalin Roosevelt

  11. Divide it into 4 zones of occupation

  12. The Cold War Roots of the Cold War: • There were essential political differences between the two sides (U.S. and U.S.S.R.) • There was a great deal of mistrust after World War II • The way Europe was divided up after WW II caused an uneasy tension

  13. Cold War Terms: • Iron Curtain:name for the imaginary dividing line between the Democratic Western European nations and the Communist East European nations From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an "iron curtain"has descended across the Continent.

  14. Cold War Terms: • Eastern Bloc:the group of nations – that were communist – in Eastern Europe (behind the “Iron Curtain”)

  15. “satellites”:Another name for the “Eastern Bloc” nations • Countries that were “controlled” by and near the USSR Communist

  16. The 2 Sides N.A.T.O. (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) The Warsaw Pact USA USSR Containment – stop the spread of communism Marxism – spread Communism through rev Market economy Command economy Totalitarian (communist) Republic

  17. Command Economy • “Central Planning” • State-control of production, quotas, distribution All economic decisions made by gov’t • NO private business  only GOV’T ownership

  18. Containment

  19. Events of the Cold War • Marshall Plan / Truman Doctrine: • U.S. offered billions of $ to help rebuild European nations after WW2 as long as they were NOT communist

  20. Berlin Airlift You can go, But I’m not leaving! Germany should stay weak!

  21. No road travel in or out of West Berlin • Communists tried a blockade to force the allies out of Berlin (in East Germany) Help! We need food! We’re starving! Eventually, I Hope that Allies will just give up West Berlin to the USSR

  22. No trains or cars? The Allies Air lift supplies to West Berlin for 11 months!

  23. Operation Little Vittles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_airlift#Operation_Little_Vittles

  24. Forcing Stalin to give up the blockade Fine!

  25. Arms Race: • a race between 2 “super powers” (U.S. vs. U.S.S.R.) to gather bigger, better and more weapons

  26. MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction

  27. Space Race • A race for national pride mostly • It began when the Soviets put the first satellite, “Sputnik” into orbit

  28. Berlin Wall • The wall became the symbol of the Cold War • The Communists put up a wall to keep East Berliners from escaping to West Berlin

  29. Cuban Missile Crisis • The Soviets put nuclear missiles in Cuba • The U.S. ordered the Soviet Union to take them out • The closest the world ever came to nuclear destruction • The Soviet Union backed down and pulled the missiles out

  30. Cuban Missile Crisis • The Soviets put nuclear missiles in Cuba

  31. 90 miles!

  32. Missile Range

  33. U.S. President JFK ordered a blockade of Cuba and told the USSR to remove the missiles

  34. The closest the world ever came to nuclear destruction

  35. Kennedy Khrushchev nuclear holocaust

  36. The Soviet Union backed down and pulled the missiles out

  37. Détente • A “warming” of relations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. (1970’s – 1980’s) • Treaties were signed that limited nuclear weapons in each nation

  38. Brinksmanship replaced

  39. By détente • Détente: French noun • (a) relaxation of a person; • release of a spring, • slackening of a rope, • easing of relations

  40. A “warming” of tensions between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. (1970’s – 1980’s) Relieves Cold War tension!

  41. President Nixon met with the leaders of

  42. USSR and China

  43. USSR and China

  44. SALT I(Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

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