1 / 60

NIGERIA

NIGERIA. Josh Korn. Becca Weinstein. Marryanne Auld. Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. Educated as a teacher Became a politician & elected to Northern Regions House of Assembly(1947) And Federal House of Representatives Founder of Northern People’s Congress

enrico
Télécharger la présentation

NIGERIA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. NIGERIA Josh Korn Becca Weinstein Marryanne Auld

  2. Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Educated as a teacher Became a politician & elected to Northern Regions House of Assembly(1947) And Federal House of Representatives Founder of Northern People’s Congress First prime minister of Nigeria Will be assassinated in1966 military coup 1912-1966

  3. Benjamin Namidi Azikiwe 1904-1996 • Well educated in American Universities • 1953- Leader of Nigeria’s Eastern region. • 1963-Became first and only ceremonial president • 1960-Governonr-General

  4. Independence October First, 1960 • 1951-New constitution providing representation for a regional basis • 1901-Nigeria became a British Protectorate • 1954-New constitution dividing Nigeria into three regions • 1914-Birtian allowed some self-governing • 1947-Britian gave Nigerian’s a higher authority • Oct. 1, 1960- became and independent country

  5. The Future 1999-A new constitution will be formed • 1966-Military coup over throws new gov. • 1966-1976-Their will be • a succession of military coup’s • 1979-1983-A second republic • forms

  6. Nigerias position on Pan-Africanism • Nigeria is a place naturally abundant with many resources such as rubber,cocoa, and oil Nigeria opposes a unified Africa in order to keeps its resources for itself • During the Biafran conflict, Nigeria will strongly oppose secession • The war with Biafra will show that Nigeria wants to keep itself as one

  7. Bibliography www.cenbank.org/currencymgt/blodata/Alhaji%20Z www.dawodu.com/balewa2.jpg www.stoveco.com/Nigeria www.rss.co.ZA www.crwflags.com/fotw/ima/ges/h/ng-blaf.gif www.cia.gov www.nigeria.com

  8. Kenya As presented by Greg, Mike, and Jessica

  9. KenyanLanguage • Official Kenyan language is English • Practiced language among locals is Kiswahili • Government uses Swahili as well, but English is official language

  10. Pan-Africanism • Kenya in favor of a united Africa as a way to end colonialism and gain independence • Pan-Africanism would provide Kenya and all of Africa with numerous economic benefits

  11. Kenyan Independence • Kenya will be independent December 12th of this year, 1963 • Independence campaign led by Jomo Kenyatta • Kenyatta imprisoned in 1952 under the British state of emergency because of his role in the fight for independence • December 12, 1963 Kenyatta becomes first prime minister of independent Kenya

  12. Kenya-Economy • The per capita income in 2004 was $480 • The poverty reached over 56% in 2003 • The GNI (gross national income) was 15.5 billion Kenya Today The avrage life expectancy at birth is 45.4 years

  13. Bibliography • Web Recourses http://kenya.rcbowen.com/government/kenyatta.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1952kenyatta-kau1.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/14chapter8.shtml

  14. GHANA And its road to independence By: Alex, Helen , and Lisa

  15. Dr. Kwame Nkrumah • Born in Nkroful, Gold Coast as Francis Nwia Kofi Ngonloma • Earned Masters of Science in education and Master of Arts in Philosophy • Elected president of the African Students Organization of America and Canada

  16. Pan-africanism “Long may the links between Africa and the peoples of African descent continue to hold us together in fraternity.” -Dr. Kwame Nkrumah • Since Ghana was the first country to earn independence, Dr. Nkrumah urged others to do the same • Ghana wanted to help end all colonial rule and make Africa independent from foreign control • Ghana wants to make a unified Africa, a common nation-state for all Africans

  17. Pan-Africanism Our Opinion • We support independence but disagree with Ghana’s position on Pan-Africanism • Ghana is a strong nation on its own, supporting Africa with our resources would weaken our economical status • Africa would be a stronger continent if each nation learned to independently support themselves

  18. Imperialism • Ghana was formerly called The Gold Coast • 1471- the Portuguese settled in the Gold Cost • 1482 -Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle • other Europeans began to trade with the natives • 1642- Portuguese traders left the Gold Coast • British became the dominant power • 1844- British protectorate arranged

  19. Independence • 1930’s-Communists stirred discontent through Ghana • Post WWII-Ghanaians protested imperialism inspired by other countries’ efforts • 1947-First Ghanaian political party formed • 1948-Watson commission recommended drafting of constitution to prelude self-rule • 1949-Coussey Committee Report-mechanisms for inclusion of Africans in government • 1951-Constitution drafted • 1954-General elections

  20. Independence • 1951-Constitution drafted • Independence: 3/6/1957 • Name changed to Ghana at independence • 1st Sub-Saharan African country to gain independence

  21. Bibliography • http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/independence.php • http://www.greatepicbooks.com/epics/november97.html • http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1961nkrumah.html • http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/14chapter3.shtml • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana • http://www.ghana.co.uk/

  22. Ethiopia Selam Max, Rachel, Dan i

  23. Pan-Africanism • All African states have right to freedom. • States must show united front to the world. • Cooperation in Politics Economies Defense Health Care And in all issues that may affect our continent.

  24. Reigned from 1930-1974 as an Autocratic ruler. •1955 Salassie revised the Ethiopian Constitution and installed a National Assembly EmperorHaileSelassie •Established a National Judiciary •In the 1970’s Ethiopia's drought will lead to famine causing a coup d’etat removing Salassie from power in 1974 1892- 1974

  25. Modern HistoryofEthiopia Free Since 200 B.C. • 1889-1913: Joins World Community • 1930: Haile Sellasie crowned Emperor • 1936-1941: Occupied by Italy • 1941: Haile Sellasie returns to power • 1963: Host of the Organization of African Unity

  26. TheFutureOfEthiopia • Overall Living Conditions Poor • 1970’s and 1980’s: Drought And Famine • 1974: Haile Selassie Falls From Power • 1977: Somalia Invades Ethiopia • 1987: Mengitsu Regime Comes To Power • 1991: Military Junta Overthrown • 1993: Eritrea Gains Independence • 1995: Federation Of 10 Ethnically Different Administrative Regions • Late 1990’s: War With Eritrea

  27. Bibliography • http://oneafricanow.com • http://www.africaunion.org/root/au/aboutau/founders/oau_founders • http://countrystudies.us/ethiopia/22.htm • http://www.libeam.org/history/articles/1892-1975-haile-selassie/index.php • http://cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/et.htm/ • http;//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1072164.stm • http://www.ethiopiantreasures.taucansurf.com/pages/dergue.htm

  28. Cameroon Sarah Lindsay Youngeun

  29. Timeline of Cameroon Imperialism and Independence 1858- 1st European settlement founded in Cameroon 1884- Cameroon becomes a German protectorate 1907- 2nd German governor develops colonies and railroads 1916- WWI breaks out-->Britain and France force Germany out of Cameroon 1919- a declaration is formed splitting Cameroon between Britain and France 1939/1940- WWII breaks out 1955- revolts from the UPC arise in French Cameroon 1958- Ahmadou Ahidjo forms the party I’lUnion Camerounaise January 1st, 1960- Adhijo declares independence in French Cameroon 1960- Adhijo becomes the first president of Cameroon 1961- Referendum in British Cameroon May 20, 1972- Constitution made with the help with the URC

  30. Amadu Ahidjo • Early 1970’s, created unpopular constitution and unitary control • Cameroon one of the most stable countries in Africa • 1983, feud with Paul Biya; fled the country • 1st President of Federation of Cameroon in 1960 • Reelected in 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980 • Banned all other political groups to establish dominance • Suppressed rebellions

  31. Francophone orAnglophone? As a result of colonization… • English speaking people lived in British Cameroon After World War 2… • British Cameroon joined Cameroon • 80% French • 20% English

  32. Pan-Africanism Against a Pan-African Nation… -Strong stable central government -Improving economy -30% unemployment -Valuable exports; ex. Petroleum -Among highest per capita and school attendance rates in sub-Saharan Africa -Slowly improving education and technology

  33. After 1963 (year of the Pan-African conference), there are some successes and problems that rise in the future. • 1961-1963: A large insurrection occurs, believed to have started by the Cameroonian Party. Successes and Problems in the Future • 1966: National Cameroonian Party forms. • 1970’s: Country is a stable and prosperous nation with good relations with other nations. Less affected with the oil crisis than most African nations. • 1996: Border between Cameroon and Nigeria clashes. Then both agree to a UN mediation. • 1984: Biya changes country’s name to the Republic of Cameroon. • 1997: Biya is elected president in ballot. Boycotted by opposition parties. • 1989: Anti-government is increased by 2 events: 1. Celebration of French Revolution. 2. Fall of communist governments in Eastern Europe. • 1998: Cameroon classed as most corrupt by the business monitor transparency international. • 1994: Conflict between Cameroon and Nigeria.

  34. Bibliography The Crawfurd homepage homepage.1996-2003. February 10,2006. <http://crawfurd.dk/africa/cameroon_timeline.htm> BBC News. Friday 9 2005. Timeline Cameroon. February 13 2006. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1021488.stm> African History Timeline:Independent Cameroon.homepage.1998. February 13 2006. < <http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/timeline/t-camer.htm>

  35. People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria Algeria Jeremy Marina Jessica

  36. Many names-Jomo Kenyatta is the most commonly known • Born in 1889 in British East Africa (Kenya) • Became politically interested in the Kikuyu Central Association in 1924 • 1929-Sent to Enlgand to advocate for return of Kenya’s land Jomo Kenyatta • 1945-Organized World Trade Union and Fifth Pan-African Congress • 1947-Becomes KAU president. • 1952-Arrested with other leaders for organizing Mau Mau • 1963-Becomes prime minister of free Kenya, urging whites to stay in Kenya • Elected president in 1964, 1966, 1970, and 1974 • Dies in 1978 in sleep

  37. Basic Facts • Capitol-Algiers • Ethnicity- 99% Berber Arab and 1% European • Religion-99% Sunni Muslim • Official Language-Arabic • Independence- From France, July 5, 1962 • Legal System- based on French and Islamic law • Natural Recourses oil and natural gas

  38. Colonial History • Colonized by France • Started in 1830 • Fully imperialized by 1900 • Large resistance movement began in 50’s • That was National Liberation Front (FLN) • Used guerilla tactics • Very brutal and very bloody struggle • Compromise with France reached in March ’62 • Official independent July 5, 1962

  39. Ahmed Ben Bella • Born 1918- • In power 1963-1965 • Soldier in WWI • Involved in independence movement • Founded ‘National Liberation Front’ (FLN) • Captured in 1952 by France, released in 1962 • Year France and FLN reached compromise • Ran unopposed for President • Ousted in coup in 1965 • Succeeded by Boumedienne

  40. Predictions for the Future • First president: Ahmed Ben Bella (1962) • Arab-Islamic socialist state with one party: FLN • Second President: Boumedienne comes to power in a bloodless coup in 1965 • He will be credited for creating Modern Algeria • Third President: Chadli Benjedid (1978), re-elected • Many riots due to failing economy • He will remake the constitution allowing other parties: FIS • 1991 military takeover, Boudiaff became president • FIS will use terrorism against government 1999 • Bouleflika will be elected president • Goals: stability and security • Berbers will struggle for emancipation (freedom)

  41. Pan-Africanism In Algeria Algeria is against Pan-Africanism 99% Muslim There are currently anti-government riots Member of Arab League Consider themselves Arab, not African

  42. Bibliography • www.rulers.org/indexB2.html • http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0856564.html • http://www.marxists.org/history/algeria/ • http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/14chapter6.shtml • http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/algeria.html

  43. SUDAN Sudan By Mark and Andrew

  44. Sudan Facts • people called Sudanese • Population 40.2 million • official language is Arabic • Sudan is the largest country in Africa • Islam is the official religion, Christianity and indigenous beliefs also practiced. • Industry is mainly made up of car assembly.

  45. 1899- Egypt and Great Britain rule over Sudan equally 1953- Anglo-Egyptian Agreement ends Anglo-Egyptian rule 1955- First civil war begins between rebels in the South and and northern government 1956- Sudanese independence 2003- Separate conflict in in Western Sudan where almost 2 million lives were affected 2005- Civil war ends with Naivasha peace treaty A Brief History

  46. Independence • In February 1953 UK agreed for Sudanese self-government • Former British colony • Officially became independent on January 1st, 1956 • Problems quickly arose from mixing of races, ethnicities and tribes • Arabs and Muslims • Most blacks are Muslim and considered below Arabs in society • Nonstop Civil War from 1955-72 • Plagued by Civil War once again today in Darfur between Fur, Masalit, and Zagahawa tribes.

  47. P.M. Ibrahim Abboud • Born in 1900 • Became commander in chief in 1956 when Sudan gained its independence • Was in 5th year as Prime Minister in 1963 • Gained power through a military coup in 1958 • Lost power one year later in 1964 • Was a dictator,general and political leader • Died in 1983

  48. -The Sudanese economy is poor and lacks development • Sudan would prefer sharing the wealth of a unified Africa Position on Pan-Africanism Already, The African Union, makes peaceful interventions in Sudan • Violence is a result of ignorance, therefore Sudan would greatly benefit from the education that Pan- Africanists support and have based many books on (e.g human philosophies, culture, literature)

More Related