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Nigeria: Demographics, Economy, and Environmental Challenges

Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa with a total area of 923,768 sq km, has a growing GDP estimated at $335.4 billion (2008). The economy is diversified across sectors: Agriculture (18.1%), Industry (50.8%), and Services (31.1%). With a median age of 19, Nigeria faces significant challenges, including high infant mortality (10%) and low life expectancy (46.9 years). Environmental concerns arise from climate change impacts, including desertification and rising sea levels, compounded by high CO2 emissions from natural gas flaring. Sustainable development is crucial for its future.

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Nigeria: Demographics, Economy, and Environmental Challenges

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  1. Nigeria Clay Young

  2. Backround • Total area: 923,768 sq km • GDP $335.4 billion (2008 est.) • GDP growth rate of 5.3% (2008 est.) • GDP Composition by sector: • Agriculture 18.1% • Industry 50.8% • Services 31.1% • Population : 149,229,090 • Median age: 19 • Infant mortality rate : 10% 13th in the world • Life expectancy: 46.9 years 212th in the world • Literacy Rate: • Male 75.7% • Female 60.6% • Government: Federal Republic

  3. Energy • Electricity production: 22.11 billion kWh (2006 est.) • Consumption: 15.85 billion kWh • Electricity exported: 0 kWh

  4. Energy • Oil production: 2.352 million bbl/day (2007 est.) • Exported: 2.473 million bbl/day (2005) • Oil consumption: 312,000 bbl/day (2006 est.) • Imported: 154,300 bbl/day (2005) • Oil reserves: 38.5 billion bbl (2008 est.)

  5. Energy • Nigeria has estimated 182 trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves (7th in the world) • Future plans include multi-billion dollar projects to export liquid natural gas (LNG)

  6. Emissions • Natural gas flaring accounts for 52% of CO2 emissions • 40,203,000 metric tons in 1998 • Vehicle Abundance: 2.69 per square km • Carbon efficiency: 2.12 metric tons of CO2 emissions/$(US) GDP • NO2 emissions: 0.24 thousand metric tons/square km of populated area • SO2 emissions: 190 thousand metric tons/square km of populated area • Ecological footprint of Nigeria is 1.31 earths

  7. Impacts of Climate Change • Sea level rise: Nigeria has 800 km of coastline • Desertification • Loss of up to 7% of GDP from loss of agriculture • Change in the harmattan wind current • Increasing temperatures • Environmental agreements • Kyoto Protocol

  8. Mitigation • None • The Canada-Nigeria Climate Change Capacity Development Project • Co-project between Global Change Strategies International Inc. (GCSI) of Canada and the Nigerian Environmental Study Action Team (NEST)

  9. Sources • http://www.chrishondros.com/work_int/nigeria/nigeria_01.htm • http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/ngr.html • Nigerian Environmental Study Action Team http://www.nestinteractive.org/climate_change.php • The Encyclopedia of Earth http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_Nigeria#Electricity • Nation Master http://www.nationmaster.com/country/ni-nigeria/env-environment • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg2.htm • Nigeria Office Dr. habil. Klaus Paehler http://www.kas.de/proj/home/pub/33/2/dokument_id-11468/index.html • http://www.kas.de/proj/home/pub/33/2/dokument_id-11468/index.html • CIA fact book https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html

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