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RACE AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION

RACE AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION. NOT ALL PARTS OF LATIN AMERICA HAVE THE SAME RACIAL AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION NOT ALL PARTS OF LATIN AMERICA DEFINE RACE AND ETHNICITY IN THE SAME WAY RACE CAN THEREFORE BE SEEN AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION—HOW DO WE MAP AND PERCEIVE RACE?

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RACE AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION

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  1. RACE AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION • NOT ALL PARTS OF LATIN AMERICA HAVE THE SAMERACIAL AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION • NOT ALL PARTS OF LATIN AMERICA DEFINE RACE AND ETHNICITY IN THE SAME WAY • RACE CAN THEREFORE BE SEEN AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION—HOW DO WE MAP AND PERCEIVE RACE? • DEPENDS ON THE PRESENCE OF LARGE NUMBERS OF INDIGENOUS • IMPACT OF AFRICAN SLAVERY

  2. GENDER AND RACE • VISIONS OF A MASCULINE LATIN AMERICA • SPANISH MEN AND INDIAN WOMEN • TRIBUTE WORK AS A MALE ENTERPRISE • AFRICAN SLAVERY AS A MALE AFRICAN EXPERIENCE • SLAVE LABOR AS A MASCULINE ENDEAVOR

  3. INDIAN WOMEN • NOBLES • Noble Indian women held encomiendas—largest 9,500 people-compared to the largest encomienda of a Spanish woman 15,240 • In Mexico some allowed to enter convents, but overtaken by Spanish women • COMMONERS • Involvement in tribute payments, encomienda labor • Offspring’s status defined by FATHER, not mother • Technically free

  4. AFRICAN AND AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN WOMEN • SLAVES • ROLE IN PLANTATION LABOR • USED AS SEXUAL OBJECTS • SIGNIFICANCE IN DEBATES ABOUT THE HARSHNESS OF SLAVERY • TRANSMITTED CONDITION OF SLAVERY TO CHILDREN • FREED • ALWAYS UNDER THE THREAT OF REENSLAVEMENT • EMPLOYMENT:WET NURSES, MAIDS, LAUNDRESSES, SEWING

  5. VISIONS OF A SEXUALIZED FEMALE LATIN AMERICA • INDIGENOUS AND AFRICAN WOMEN SEEN AS “FAIR GAME” FOR SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE MEN • WHITE WOMEN AS PROCREATORS OF THE ELITE • INDIGENOUS MEN IGNORED AS NON-SEXUALIZED OTHER • GREAT FEARS OF AFRICAN MALES AS SEXUAL COMPETITION FOR SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE

  6. CREATING NEW VISIONS OF GENDER • HOW DO YOU RECONSTRUCT A MORE ACCURATE PORTRAIT OF NON-WHITE WOMEN? • DEMOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS • GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR • WOMEN AND SOCIAL STATUS • IMPACT OF IDEOLOGIES AND CULTURES

  7. COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS • POPULATION CHANGES OVER TIME • SEX RATIO OF NEW BORN ALWAYS SLIGHTLY MORE THAN MALE • ETHNIC AND RACIAL DEMOGRAPHICS ARE PART OF A LARGER SOCIO-ECONOMIC PORTRAIT OF A REGION • DEMOGRAPHIC ESTIMATES ARE ALWAYS APPROXIMATIONS • MIGRATION ALWAYS AFFECTS DEMOGRAPHIC REALITIES AS DOES UNDER AND OVER COUNTING

  8. PATTERNS OF FEMALE LIFE EXPECTATIONS

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