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Psyc 001 Week 6

Psyc 001 Week 6. Draw a Sodium-Potassium ATPase pump and explain how it works?. How many Na+ ions and K+ ions does it move across the membrane and in which direction?. 3 Na+ ions out of the cell 2 K+ ions into the cell. What is the function of the Na + /K + - ATPase Pump ?.

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Psyc 001 Week 6

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  1. Psyc 001 Week 6

  2. Draw a Sodium-Potassium ATPase pump and explain how it works? How many Na+ ions and K+ ions does it move across the membrane and in which direction? 3 Na+ ions out of the cell 2 K+ ions into the cell What is the function of the Na+/K+-ATPase Pump? Helps to maintain theResting Membrane Potential of a cell. Is the Sodium potassium pump considered and ion channel or ion transporter? Why? It is considered a transporter because it requires energy in the form of ATP to move Na+ and K+ ions against their concentration gradient.

  3. Na+/K+ ATPsase Pump, Sodium Pump Sodium Potassium Pump http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_sodium_potassium_pump_works.html

  4. Draw 2 presynaptic neurons and 1 postsynaptic neuron. Explain the interaction between excitatory and inhibitory synapses What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter? GABA Provide a general example of a drug effecting the GABAA receptors? Barbiturates Ethyl Alcohol Benzodiazepines – antianxiety What is the major excitatory neurotransmitter? Glutamate Is Glutamate always an excitatory neurotransmitter? no

  5. What is the primary neurotransmitter in motor neurons? What are, or is the function of, some of the other areas that use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter? Acetylcholine Eyes – Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep Cerebral Cortex – perceptual learning Hippocampus! – leaning and memory SIDE NOTE Page 103 Case Study; interesting case describing botulinum poison Which toxin and venom affect the release of ACh? Botulinum Toxin Black widow spider venom Which one prevents the release of ACh and which one stimulates the release of ACh? Botulinum Toxin – Prevents release Black widow spider venom – Stimulates Release Most neurotransmitter effects are terminated by reuptake, what is the reuptake mechanism for Acetylcholine? There is no reuptake, acetylcholine is deactivated by and enzyme that is present in the postsynaptic membrane, acetylcholinesterase.

  6. Nail Gun Accident You are an intern an one of the local hospitals and a construction worker comes in who apparently has had an accident with his nail gun. The doctor quite concerned asks you to take the man down and get a brain scan to see where exactly the nails are. What type of brain scan would you use? CT Scanner What is a CT Scan exactly? A device that uses a special x-ray machine and a computer to produce images of the brain that appear as slices taken parallel to the top of the scull What is the other type of brain scan that could show you the structure of the brain but that you would NOT want to use in this case? Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) What is an MRI Scan exactly? A technique with a device that uses the interaction between radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce images of slices of the interior of the body

  7. What type of brain scan would say he is having? You walk into one of the local psychology labs to complete yet another hour of forced research for your intro psychology class and see a man hooked up to this strange apparatus. Electroencephalogram (EEG) What is an EEG exactly? An electrical brain potential recorded by placing electrodes on the scalp. When might this type of brain scan be used? Visual experiments, epilepsy cases, sleep experiments, coma, tumors, stroke What is another brain scan that is used in the diagnosis of epilepsy by detecting minute magnetic fields in the cerebral cortex? Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

  8. Positron emission tomography (PET) Functional MRI (fMRI) What are the two other brain scanning techniques that can be used to measure function in specific regions of the brain? What is a PET scan exactly? The use of a device that reveals the localization of a radioactive tracer in a living brain. What is a fMRI scan exactly? A modification of the MRI procedure that permits the measurement of regional metabolism in the brain If you were doing an experiment on the reward pathway and wanted to directly stimulate the area of the brain associated this pathway, basically mimicking reward, whenever a cat jumped through a hoop of fire what technique could you use? Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

  9. What is the name of the lobe in Yellow? What is the name of the lobe in blue? Occipital Lobe Frontal Lobe What is the function of the occipital lobe? What is the function of the frontal lobe? Processing and perceiving vision Reasoning, personality attention, motor What is the name of the lobe in Green? What is the name of the lobe in red? Which Lobe is the most important lobe? Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe What is the function of the parietal lobe? What is the function of the temporal lobe? Integrating sensory information, somatosensation, processing spatial information, temperature perception Processing and perceiving sound, memory

  10. What is the difference between the CNS and the PNS? The CNS, Central Nervous System is considered the brain and the spinal cord While the PNS, Peripheral Nervous System is considered to be the nervous system peripheral to the brain and spinal cord; the cranial and spinal nerves What are the Cranial Nerves? • A bundle of nerve fibers that transmit information between the central Nervous system and the body’s sense organs, muscles, and glands • Know head and Neck region eyes, ears, nose and tongue What are the Spinal Nerves? A bundle of nerve fibers attached to the spinal cord; conveys sensory information from the body and carries messages to muscles and glands.

  11. What are the 3 major parts of the human brain? Brain Stem, Cerebellum, Cerebral hemispheres What Does the Brain Stem Do? - Control physiological functions and automatic behaviors - Provides the main motor and sensory innervations to the face and neck via the cranial nerves What are the parts of the Brain Stem? Medulla Pons and Midbrain What is the function of the Medulla? Controls functions like heart rate and blood pressure What is the function of the Pons? Involved in the control of sleep What is the function of the Midbrain? Involved in the control of fighting and sexual behavior and in decreased sensitivity to pain during these behaviors

  12. What structure is interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brain stem? Basal Ganglia What is the function of the Basal Ganglia? Involved in control of slow movements and movements of larger muscles What 3 structures are included in the Limbic System? Amygdala, Hippocampus! And limbic cortex A behavior seen in all or most members of a species, nest building What is the function of the Limbic System? Important in emotional and species-typical behavior What is the function of the Hippocampus! Involved in learning and memory What is the function of the Amygdala? Emotion, emotional behavior, controls physiological reactions fight or flight

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