North Africa and Southwest Asia

Warm-up 1/16 How does the abundance or lack of natural resources affect how and where people settle? Answer in 5 complete sentences.

Warm-up 1/17 If you could travel anywhere in the world, where would you go and why? Answer in five complete sentences.

North Africa Includes- Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia Egypt and Nile River Valley form cultural hearth- a place where ideas and innovations come together to change a region

Egypt and the Nile The river flooded at roughly the same time every year- gave the people water and rich soil for their crops Egyptians have been living in farming villages around the Nile since 3300 B.C. Movement influence ancient Egypt and the Nile River Valley Ideas about farming, building cities, and system of writing may have come from the Mesopotamians (lived in what is now Southwest Asia) Egyptians pioneered use of geometry in farming to set boundaries after the Nile’s annual flood Egyptian medicine was also famous throughout the ancient world

Islam in North Africa Islam- remains the major cultural and religious influence in North Africa Muslim invaders from Southwest Asia brought their language, culture, and religion to North Africa Spread Islam through conquest and trade Muslims controlled most of the North Africa by 750 They brought their territory together with a network of sea-linked trading zones They used the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean to connect North Africa and Europe with Southwest Asia

Oil Today the economy revolves around the discovery of oil in the region In Algeria- oil has surpassed farm products as the major export and source of revenue Oil makes up about 99% of Libya’s exports Oil has led to some problems Libya’s labor force cannot meet the demands of the oil industry because of lack of training and education Many North Africans have migrated to Europe in search of jobs

Warm up 1/21 What region is this map of? 2. What landforms can you identify? 3. How would these landforms affect where people live?

Culture Combination of Arabic influences and traditional African ethnic groups North African Souks- marketplaces Souks- open early in the morning and consist of tents with storytellers, musicians, and fortunetellers to entertain crowds of people People gather and trade a range of products Brightly colored clothes, spices, and a variety of foods

Culture Algeria is home to rai- a kind of music developed in the 1920’s by poor urban children The music is fast paced and contains elements of popular western music Before Algerian independence in 1962- performers used rai to communicate Algerian resentment toward their French colonizers Today rai is used as a form of rebellion against Islamic fundamentalists, especially by women

Women Women and the family North African houses tend to be centered around males Men go out to work at offices or farms Few women hold jobs after marriage Men and women often eat and pray separately Women's roles are changing Spouses can now get divorces Tunisia- having more than one wife has been abolished, no longer permits preteen girls in arranged marriages, and requires equal pay for equal jobs Women have professional jobs now

Questions What is the single biggest cultural influence in North Africa? Which commodity supports some of North Africa’s economies? How did the Nile help support the growth of ancient Egypt? Where did Islam spread after its beginnings in Southwest Asia? In which ways have women’s roles changed in North Africa? How has Islam influenced life in North Africa?

Warm-up 1/22

What landmark is this? Egyptian Pyramids Where is it located? Egypt, specifically, Giza located outside of Cairo Which culture created it? Ancient Egyptians Why/when was this landmark created? 2630-2611 BC, they were originally built to protect the body of a dead Pharaoh What defining characteristics of this landmark standout to you?

News Article Read the article then answer the question: What makes Malala a crusader? Answer the question in one paragraph on the back of your article and hand it in at the end of the class period.

Essay prompt Human settlement in the region of North Africa and Southwest Asia are influenced by factors including natural resources, vegetation/climate, and the location of water resources.

Nile River Valley Describe the settlement patterns in this region. Highest population density is located along the river banks (delta), 2 major centers Cairo and Khartoum Describe the climate and natural resources in this region. Desert (dry) Water, fertile soils

Tigris-Euphrates River Valley Describe the settlement patterns in this region. Higher population density along the east side of the Tigris River, city of Bagdad has high population density. Describe the climate and natural resources in this region. Desert (dry), semi-desert Water, fertile soils

Warm-up 1/23 Think about Malala’s story that we read yesterday. What would you do if you received threats for doing something that you loved to do?

Persian Gulf Describe the settlement patterns in this region. Population centers include Qatar, the east coast of Oman, Kuwait, Abu Dhabi is a large population center Describe the climate and natural resources in this region. Desert (arid) Oil, natural gas

Sahara Describe the settlement patterns in this region. Sparse population throughout most of the region, large population concentration in Morocco, Libya, Algeria, and Egypt along the Mediterranean Sea. Desert (arid) Oil, natural gas

Sahel Sparse population. Most people rely on a nomadic way of life. Desert (arid), semiarid Grasslands, small trees, farmland

Warm-up 1/28 Make two conclusions about population based on the map below. THEN HAND IN YOUR WARM-UPS FROM LAST WEEK!!!!

Warm-up 1/29

1. The Dead Sea 2. Located between Jordan and Israel 3. N/A 4. “Sea of salt”- One of the saltiest seas in the world. People can easily float in the Dead Sea due to natural buoyancy. It was one of the world’s first health resorts and has been a supplier of a wide variety of products from balms for mummification to fertilizers. 5. What defining characteristics stand out to you?

Human-Environment Interaction

Human-Environment Interaction Water is a valuable resource Fresh water supplies are available only in small amounts and not consistent Dams and irrigation projects Turkey is building a series of dams and a man-made lake on the upper Euphrates River The dams and lake will provide water and hydroelectricity for parts of the country The National Water Carrier project in Israel carries water from the northern part of the country to sites in the nation’s center and south The water comes from mountain areas and lakes

Human-Environment Interaction Modern water technology Drip irrigation- the practice of using small pipes that slowly drip water just above ground to conserve water used for crops Desalinization- the removal of salt from the ocean water- done at sophisticated water treatment plants This is expensive and cannot provide adequate quantities of water to meet all needs of people in the area Wastewater treatment- another water treatment that fails to generate enough water to meet all needs in the region

Human-Environment Interaction Oil fields in Southwest Asia contain about one-half of all the petroleum reserves in the world Petroleum is the source of gasoline for automobiles, heating oil, etc. Engineers use sophisticated equipment to extract or remove oil Crude oil- oil that has not been processed Refinery- the job of a refinery is to convert the crude oil into useful products

Human-Environment Interaction Processing Petroleum Drilling rigs cut through nonporous rock above the trapped crude oil and natural gas and pump it to storage tanks Natural gas, water, and sediments are removed from the crude oil. Oil is sent to the pumping station The crude oil is pumped to tankers or sent to a refinery to be processed. Some pipelines carry as much as a million barrels a day. At the oil refinery, the crude oil is converted into useful products like gasoline The products are transported to markets all over the world. Ocean-going tankers carry more than a million barrels; railroad tank cars carry about 1,500 barrels; tank trucks hold about 300 barrels

Human-Environment Interaction Risks of transporting oil- Oil spills Buried pipelines help reduce the danger of above-ground accidents Pipelines are carefully monitored for any drop in pressure that might signal a leak in the line Tankers have double hulls so that minor accidents will not result in oil spills

Human-Environment Interaction What are some ways water is supplied in this region? In what ways is oil moved from the source to the market place? Why might water projects in Southwest Asia cause controversy? What are some risks in transporting oil? What impact has technology had on the supply of oil and water in the region?

Warm-up 1/30 How does the issue of sustainable development affect the people of the region? Answer in 5 complete sentences.

Warm-up 1/31 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mR2W43t6tI As you are watching the video write down five events you learned from the video clip.

Warm-up 2/3What are 2 conclusions you can make based on this map?

Warm-up 2/4 Politics is when you say you are going to do one thing while intending to do another. Then you do neither what you said nor what you intended. Saddam Hussein Answer the questions on your warm-up paper based on the quote above

Israeli-Palestine Conflict Centered around control of Jerusalem Land has been constantly fought over because of the fact that it is a holy land for not only the Jewish faith but also Islam City founded by Jewish King David in 1000 B.C.E. Muslim Arabic armies took control in 638 C.E. Nation of Palestine created and controlled by Islamic Empires Crusades Religious wars during Middle Ages

Israeli-Palestine Conflict In 1948 the state of Israel was created by the United Nations Land taken from the nation of Palestine and split into two parts but kept under the control of one nation Palestinians feel like the land is rightfully theirs and refuse to recognize Jewish control Jews feel like it is their land and were willing to share with Muslims until violence ensued.

Israeli-Palestine Conflict West Bank is currently considered to belong to the Palestinians (not recognized as an independent nation) Peace Talks have been taking place as recently as 2012.

Lebanon History Civil War 1975-1990 Christian vs Muslim Syria and USA sent in troops 1983 - Suicide attack on US embassy; another in October killed 241 US troops. US troops withdrawn in 1984. Hezbollah - the Party of God political and military organization in Lebanon made up mainly of Shia Muslims.

Lebanon Today War is being fought between Lebanon and Syria over border control and religion Government is currently controlled by a leader who was put in place by Syria after the Civil War Has many Palestinian refugees

Afghanistan 1979-1989 Soviet occupation Taliban Islamic religious students formed the group's main recruits 1996 it captured Kabul and instituted a strict Islamic regime Gave Osama bin Laden (al Qaeda leader) safe haven 2001 UN coalition attacked Taliban

Iran Government ruled by Supreme Leader Theocratic leader History US backed Shah Reza Pahlavi during 1950s and 1960s Revolution led by Ruhollah Khomeini Led to Khomeini being named Ayatollah (Supreme Leader) Leader of Iran through Sharia law

Iran Today Has a Presidential system of government President is under the lead of the Supreme Leader Repairing from Iran-Iraq War Tensions with the UN over nuclear weapons Poverty stricken and high unemployment rates set the stage for the nation’s economy

Iraq History Ruled from 1958-2003 by military dictatorship Saddam Hussein from 1979-2003 War between Iran and Iraq starting in 1980 Most fighting occurred over religious beliefs Sunni vs. Shia Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990

Iraq Today Gulf Wars have resulted in oil issues United States and British invasion in 2003 resulted in overthrow of Saddam Hussein Issues with creation of a democratic government in Iraq

Warm-up 2/5- answer the questions on your warm-up based on the image below.

Warm-up 2/5 What landmark is this? Mecca Where is it located? Mecca, Saudi Arabia Which culture created it? Islam Why/when was it created? Center for the Islamic world and the birthplace of both the Prophet Muhammad and the religion he founded. It is seen has the holiest site in Islam. What defining characteristics standout to you?

The Three Religions of the Middle East Judaism Christianity Islam

Judaism- History/Founders Jewish history origins begin with Abraham and the Hebrews- Abraham’s home was northern Mesopotamia Under God’s command, Abraham migrated to modern Israel and Lebanon Ancient Hebrew people were seminomadic herders and farmers, organized in tribes Considered to be oldest monotheistic religion

Judaism- Beliefs/Practices 13 Articles of faith Afterlife

North Africa and Southwest Asia