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Understanding Population Dynamics: Growth, Change, and Limiting Factors

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evania
19 diapositives · 436 Views · Jul 23, 2014

This resource explores the definition and characteristics of a population, including how populations can change through births, deaths, immigration, and emigration. It discusses birth and death rates and their impact on natural population growth. Key concepts such as population density, carrying capacity, and limiting factors like food, water, and space are also addressed. Through practical examples and calculations, learners can comprehend how different factors influence population sizes and dynamics in an environment.

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  1. Population Sizes

  2. What is a Population? • All the members of a species in an area

  3. Describe to a partner all the ways you think a population can change.

  4. Populations can change in a number of ways: • Births • Deaths • Immigration- members of a species coming into or joining a population • Emigration- members of a species leaving a population

  5. Birth and Death Rates • Birth rate- the number of births in a population in a certain amount of time • Death rate- the number of deaths in a population in a certain amount of time Natural Population = br (birth rate) – dr (death rate) Growth

  6. Natural Population = br (birth rate) – dr (death rate) Growth Practice Problem: At Banner Desert Hospitals in Arizona, 350 babies are born a year, and 200 people pass away. What is the natural population growth of Arizona?

  7. Natural Population = br (birth rate) – dr (death rate) Growth • If the birth rate is greater than the death rate, the population is ___________. • If the birth rate is less than the death rate, the population is ___________.

  8. Natural Population = br (birth rate) – dr (death rate) Growth • If the birth rate is greater than the death rate, the population is _increasing_. • If the birth rate is less than the death rate, the population is _decreasing_.

  9. Increasing and Decreasing Populations Increasing Population Graph Decreasing Population Graph

  10. Limiting Factors • The size of a population is limited by specific factors (biotic and abiotic) in the environment. • These cause a population to stop growing.

  11. Limiting Factors Main 4 Limiting Factors: • Food • Water • Shelter • Space Other factors: • Disease • Natural disasters • Predation • Invasive species • Temperature *The most effective limiting factors for plants and animals may be different.

  12. Population Density • the average number of organisms in a specific area. • Space is the biggest factor contributing to population density.

  13. Calculating Population Density Number of Species in a Population The area Population Density = • Your answer is going to be a decimal. • The closer the decimal is to 1, the greater the density- or more crowded it is. • The closer the decimal is to 0, the less the density- or more spacious it is.

  14. Population Density Practice Problem • If the size of the classroom is 10 feet wide and 20 feet long, and there are 30 students in the classroom, what is the population density of the classroom? STEPS: • Find the area (A= l*w) • Divide the population number by the area (or plug into the equation)

  15. Answer Population 30 students Density = 200 sq ft. = 0.15 • Is this PD crowded, or spacious?

  16. Carrying Capacity K • the largest population that an area can support • Carry capacity is represented by ‘k’ in mathematical equations.

  17. Exit Slip • What are the 4 main limiting factors of an environment? • Complete this natural growth rate problem: If 50 children are born in Omaha, Nebraska, and 20 elderly people pass away in one year, what is the population growth?

  18. Oh Deer! Activity 4 groups of students: • Deers- looking for a limiting factor • Food- will cover stomach with hands • Shelter- will put hands over head like a house • Water- will put hands over mouth

  19. Directions • Students will be numbered off into groups • Food, shelter, and water will be in the “habitat” • Deers will line up on the line. • Deers must decide on the line which resource they are looking for. YOU CANNOT CHANGE YOUR RESOURCE AFTER YOU HAVE LEFT THE LINE!! • When I say “GO!” Food, shelter, and water will create the signs of their role in the habitat and the deers will run to find the chosen resource. • Deers that do not find a resource die (go to side) • Resources that are chosen become deer for the next round