Sentence Structure

1. Sentence Structure NINTH GRADE ENGLISH

2. Complete Sentence • Contains a subject and a verb • Includes a complete thought • Has an end mark • AKA: independent clause • Example: The waves are crashing along the shore.

3. Prepositions • A word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another word

4. List of Prepositions

5. Compound Prepositions

6. Prepositions • Examples: • The dog slept near my bed. • The dog slept under my bed. • The dog slept behind my bed. • The dog slept beside my bed. • The dog slept on my bed.

7. Prepositional Phrases • The noun or pronoun that a preposition relates another word to is called the object of the preposition. • The preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the objects together form a preposition phrase.

8. Prepositional Phrases • Alice went to the store. • The group rested under the tree. • I live down the street. • According to my mom, I should be there at noon.

9. Verbs • Express an action, a condition, or a state of being • Three types of verbs • Action • Linking • helping

10. Action Verbs • Express either physical or mental action • Something you can actually “do” • Examples… • The student thought through the question • The family travels during the summer.

11. Linking Verbs • Links the subject to another part of the sentence that renames the subject or describes the subject • Two types of linking verbs

12. Linking Verbs—To Be Verbs

13. Linking Verbs—Express Condition

14. Linking Verbs… • Some of the verbs that can express conditions can also be action verbs • Example: The popcorn tasted good. • Example: I tasted the sauce. • Substitute the verb for IS, ARE, WAS, or WERE.

15. Helping Verbs • Helps a main verb to express an action or a state of being • Combine with other verbs to form verb phrases • VERBPHRASES—consist of at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs

16. Helping Verbs

17. Subjects • The main word or group of words that tells who or what the sentence is about • HERE and THERE are NEVER subjects! • Understood YOU can be a subject! • The subject is NEVER in a prepositional phrase!

18. Run-on Sentences • Two or more sentences written as though they are one sentence • Example: The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them.

19. Sentence Fragment • Part of a sentence that’s punctuated as if it were a complete sentence • Lacks either a subject, verb, or a complete thought • Example: The waves along the shore.

20. Correcting Run-on Sentences • Four ways to correct a run-on sentence • Example… • The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them.

21. Correcting Run-On SentencesRule #1 • The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them. • Make two sentences. • The waves are crashing along the shore. The children are playing in them.

22. Correcting Run-on SentencesRule #2 • The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them. • Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction. • The waves are crashing along the shore, and the children are playing in them.

23. Correcting Run-on SentencesRule #3 • The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them. • Use a semicolon. • The waves are crashing along the shore; the children are playing in them.

24. Correcting Run-on Sentences Rule #4 • The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them. • Use a semicolon, conjunctive adverb or transitional expression, and a comma

25. Correcting Run-on SentencesRule #4

26. Correcting Run-on SentencesRule #4 • The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them. • The waves are crashing along the shore; indeed, the children are playing in them.