1. Sentence Structure Dependent and Independent Clauses

2. Writing Workshop Independent • What does this word mean to you?

3. Independent Clauses • =a clause that can stand alone as a sentence. • Independent clauses have three components: • They have a subject- they tell the reader what the sentence is about • They have an action or predicate- they tell the reader what the subject is doing (What is _____ doing?) • They express a complete thought- something happened or was said. (What happened?) • The cat was fat. • We walk to school. • My favorite color is purple. • That’s funny.

4. A dependent clause is a clause that is lacking either a subject or an action, or does not express a complete thought.Dependent Clauses = a clause that can NOT stand alone as a sentence. Look for marker words.A clause can be dependent because of the presence of a:Marker Word (Before, after, because, since, in order to, although, though, whenever, wherever, whether, while, even though, even if, etc.) Conjunction (And, or, nor, but, yet) • when the cake is done baking. • when I discovered it symbolized royalty. • because he eats entirely too much. • after I get my shoes on

5. SEARCH AND DESTROY • Now, go through your fluency writing and look for fragments. Highlight anything that you think may be an incorrect sentence fragment—meaning it isn’t a complete thought.

6. Identify • Running through the forest. • Excitedly hurrying down the hall. • Jenny fell down the stairs. • When I woke up. • Yesterday I fell. • Sometimes I wish on a star.

7. Simple Sentences – It’s simple!  • Only an independent clause. • My dog ran fast. • I broke my elbow. • My favorite color is purple.

8. Compound sentence = two independent clauses • …In order to join two complete thoughts (independent clauses), you have to have a comma with a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon. • My dog is extremely insane, but Ms. O’Brien’s dog is calm. • My favorite color is purple; John’s favorite color is red. • Sometimes I like to run in circles, and I always sprain my ankle.

9. Complex Sentences = 1 independent + 1 dependent • The dependent portion can be at the beginning or end of the sentence. • Although Tom reads novels, Jack reads comics. • Jack reads comics although Tom reads novels.

10. Compound Complex= 2 independent + 1 independent

11. Thank-You Letters • In your letter to Hillyard Technical Center, please include the following types of sentences: • Simple • Complex • Compound • Compound Complex