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Understanding DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis: A Comprehensive Guide

This section explores DNA replication, transcription, translation, and the genetic code, comparing RNA and DNA structures, summarizing transcription processes, and discussing the significance of codons in amino acid sequences. Learn how to interpret genetic codes and translate mRNA into amino acids.

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Understanding DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis Translation CodeSection 3 Biology Fall 2012

  2. Bell Ringer • Write a word map that describes transcription: • Write a word map that describes translation:

  3. Objectives • Compare the structure of RNA with that of DNA • Summarize the process of transcription • Relate the role of codons to the sequence of amino acids that results after translation • Outline the major steps of translation • Discuss the evolutionary significance of the genetic code

  4. Transcription Review http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztPkv7wc3yU

  5. Translation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bLEDd-PSTQ

  6. The Genetic Code: 3 Nucleotide “Words” • ___________________ RNA (mRNA) is made when a cell needs a particular _____________ • mRNA: form of RNA that carries the _______________ for making a protein from a gene and delivers it to the site of ___________________

  7. The Genetic Code: 3 Nucleotide “Words” • ______________________: information translated from the language of __________ (nucleotides) to the language of _______________________ (amino acids) • ___________: RNA instructions are written as a series of 3-nucleotide sequences on the _____________

  8. The Genetic Code: 3 Nucleotide “Words” • Each ___________ along mRNA strand corresponds to an __________________ or signifies a start or stop signal for translation

  9. The Genetic Code: 3 Nucleotide “Words” • __________________: the ______________ and __________ and __________ signals that are coded for by each of the possible 64 ___________ codons

  10. Interpreting Genetic Code • Find the first base of the mRNA codon along the left side of the table • Follow that row to the right until you are beneath the second base of the codon • Move up or down in that section until you are even, on the right side of the chart, with the third base of the codon

  11. Translation • Translate this mRNA sequence into amino acids:

  12. RNA’s role in Translation • Translation takes place in the _____________ • ______________________ (tRNA): single strands of RNA that temporarly carry a specific ______________________ on one end • Each has an _____________________: a three nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon

  13. Example • Transfer this mRNA sequence into its tRNA anticodon and its amino acid • tRNA anticodons: • __________________ • __________________ • __________________ • __________________  Amino acids

  14. RNA’s role in Translation • ___________________: composed of both proteins and ribosomal RNA • Each ribosome temporarily holds one _________ and two __________ molecules • _______: RNA molecules that are part of the structure of ribosomes

  15. Review • Genetic code review: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwTExa8rs5A • Lets watch a video of transcription and translation for review! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpMhgAGybe4&feature=related

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