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The Hydrosphere and Biosphere: Exploring the Water Cycle and Life on Earth

Discover the vital connection between the hydrosphere and biosphere, as we explore the water cycle and how it sustains life on Earth. Learn about evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, and delve into the fascinating world of ocean currents, freshwater systems, and groundwater. Uncover the intricate energy flow within the biosphere and understand the impact of these systems on our planet's ecosystem.

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The Hydrosphere and Biosphere: Exploring the Water Cycle and Life on Earth

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 3 Section 3

  2. The Hydrosphere and Biosphere • Life on Earth is restricted to a very narrow layer around the Earth’s surface. • In this layer, called the biosphere, everything that organisms need to survive can be found.

  3. The continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back to water sources is known as the water cycle. Evaporation is the process by which liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor. The Hydrosphere and Water Cycle

  4. In the process of condensation, water vapor forms water droplets on dust particles. • Precipitation is large droplets that fall from clouds as rain. Precipitation may also take the form of snow, sleet or hail.

  5. Earth’s oceans consist of the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic and Indian Oceans. The Pacific Ocean is the largest. It is about 165,640,000 km², and its deepest point is called the Challenger Deep, which is 11,033 m below sea level. Earth’s Oceans

  6. Ocean Water • The salinity of ocean water is the concentration of all the dissolved salts in contains. • The average salinity of the ocean is 3.5% by weight.

  7. Temperature Zones • The surface zone is the warm, top layer of ocean water. It is heated by sunlight. • The thermocline is the layer beneath the surface zone, where water temperatures drop faster with increased depth. • The deep zone is the bottom layer that extends from the end of the thermocline to the bottom of the ocean. The temperature in this zone averages 2ºC.

  8. Streamlike movements of water that occur at or near the surface of the ocean are called surface currents. Surface currents can influence the climates of land areas they flow past. Ocean Currents Ocean Currents

  9. A little more than 3% of all the water on Earth is fresh water. Most of the fresh water is locked up in icecaps and glaciers. Fresh Water

  10. River Systems • A river system is a network of streams that drain an area of land.

  11. Rain and snow sink into the ground and run off the land. Some of this water ends up in streams and rivers, but most of it trickles down through the ground and collects as groundwater. Groundwater fulfills the human need for fresh drinking water and supplies water for many agricultural and industrial uses. Groundwater

  12. A rock layer that stores and allows the flow of groundwater is called and aquifer. The surface of the land where water enters and aquifer is called a recharge zone. Aquifers

  13. Energy Flow in the Biosphere • In a closed system, energy enters the environment, but matter does not. • In an open system, both matter and energy are exchanged between a system and the surrounding environment.

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