1 / 13

Animal Behavior

Animal Behavior. Chapter 43. Animal Behavior. Ethology : scientific study of how animals behave Two types of behavior Innate behavior is developmentally fixed meaning that nearly all individuals in the population exhibit the same behavior.

faith
Télécharger la présentation

Animal Behavior

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Animal Behavior Chapter 43

  2. Animal Behavior • Ethology: scientific study of how animals behave • Two types of behavior • Innate behavior is developmentally fixed meaning that nearly all individuals in the population exhibit the same behavior. • Learned behavior is behavior that has been modified based on specific experiences.

  3. Innate behaviors • Fixed action patterns – a series of unlearned acts that is essentially unchangeable and, once initiated, usually carried to completion

  4. Learned behavior • Habituation – a loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey no new information • EX: birds will eventually ignore a scarecrow after repeated exposure.

  5. Learned behavior • Imprinting – actually contains both learned and innate components. • The formation, at a specific stage in life, of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual or object. • Includes a sensitive period when certain behaviors can be learned.

  6. Imprinting • Example: Lorenz used the graylag goose to demonstrate imprinting. He took over the maternal role for a group of goslings

  7. Not all examples of imprinting involve parent-offspring bonding • Although newly hatched salmon do not receive any parental care, they imprint on the complex mixture of odors unique to the freshwater stream where they hatch • This allows salmon to find their way back to the stream to spawn after spending a year or more at sea

  8. Insight • Capable of using reasoned thought and past experience to solve problems • – Utilize previous experience with reasoning to conclude and learn new things • Ex: Chimp moving crates in order to reach a banana.

  9. Spatial learning • Establishment of a memory that reflects the environment’s spatial structure • Ex: A wasp locating its burrow

  10. Associative learning • Ability to associate one environmental feature with another. • Types: • Classical conditioning • Operant conditioning

  11. Classical Conditioning • An arbitrary stimulus becomes associated with a particular outcome. • Ex: These ducks have learned to associate humans with food handouts • Ex: Dog seeing a leash and running to the door

  12. Operant Conditioning • Trial-and-error learning is a common form of associative learning • An animal learns to associate one of its own behavioral acts with a positive or negative effect

  13. Movement behavior • Kinesis – a change in activity or turning rate in response to a stimulus. • Ex: Sow bugs response to variations in humidity. They will move faster in a dry environment, making it more likely that they will move into a more moist environment. • Taxis – an oriented movement toward (positive) or away from (negative) some stimulus. • Ex: trout orienting themselves upstream to get food

More Related