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Thinking Geographically

Thinking Geographically. 4 types of maps 5 themes of geography 3 types of regions Site vs. Situation. Mercator Projection - 1569. Low distortion on land shape Distortion is greatest at the poles. Robinson Projection - 1963.

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Thinking Geographically

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  1. Thinking Geographically • 4 types of maps • 5 themes of geography • 3 types of regions • Site vs. Situation

  2. Mercator Projection - 1569 • Low distortion on land shape • Distortion is greatest at the poles

  3. Robinson Projection - 1963 • Distorts shape, size, distance, and direction evenly, but preserves all four the best at the Equator

  4. Goode Projection - 1923 • Land masses are true • Distances are distorted

  5. Lambert Projection - 1772 • Direction is true from center point • Distorted shapes and direction at the edges • Views one hemisphere of the world

  6. 5 Themes: Place • A specific point on Earth

  7. 5 Themes: Region • An area on Earth distinguished by a combination of culture and physical features

  8. 5 Themes: Scale • Relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and the Earth as a whole

  9. 5 Themes: Space • Refers to the physical gap between objects

  10. 5 Themes: Connections • Relationships among people and objects across space

  11. Types of Regions: Formal (Uniform) • An area within everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristics

  12. Types of Regions: Functional (Nodal) • An area organized around a node or focal point, diminishes in importance as it grows outward

  13. Types of Regions: Vernacular (Perceptual) • A place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

  14. Site vs. Situation Site Situation The location of a place in relation to others Example: Lebanon is approximately 60 miles south of Louisville • The physical characteristic of a place • Example: Marion County’s site characteristics include knobs, rivers, and a high percentage of agricultural land

  15. Latitude and Longitude • Latitude – runs flat and are parallel • 0⁰ Latitude is the Equator • Latitude lines go from 90⁰ South Latitude to 90⁰ North Latitude • Longitude – runs up and down, meet at the poles • 0⁰ Longitude is the Prime Meridian, 180⁰ Longitude is the International Date Line • Longitude meridians go from 0⁰ to 180⁰ and are measured east to west in relation Greenwich, England

  16. Map Distortions • Shape • Size • Direction • Distance

  17. Types of Diffusions • Relocation – physical movement of people • Expansion – snowball effect • Hierarchical – spreads from nodes of authority • Contagious – rapid and widespread diffusion • Stimulus – as an idea spreads, part of its concept is lost, the rest continues to be spread

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