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WORLD of MACROMOLECULES

WORLD of MACROMOLECULES. CARBOHYDRATES. Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ration of 1:2:1. Monomer / polymer. MONOSACCHARIDES---- “single sugar”- Examples: glucose, sucrose- C 6 H 12 O 6 POLYSACCHARIDES-- long chain of sugars Examples: cellulose. ISOMERS.

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WORLD of MACROMOLECULES

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  1. WORLD of MACROMOLECULES

  2. CARBOHYDRATES • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ration of 1:2:1

  3. Monomer / polymer MONOSACCHARIDES---- “single sugar”- Examples: glucose, sucrose- C6H12O6 POLYSACCHARIDES-- long chain of sugars Examples: cellulose

  4. ISOMERS Molecules with the same chemical formula but DIFFERENT SHAPE AND STRUCTURE

  5. LIPIDS • Composed of mostly long chains of CARBON and HYDROGEN with a CARBOXYL (COOH) at one end. Examples- triglycerides, phospholipids

  6. LIPIDS HYDROPHILIC- “water loving”- POLAR-Carboxyl end HYDROPHOBIC- “water fearing” – NON-POLAR- fatty acid tail

  7. LIPIDS

  8. TYPES OF LIPIDS SATURATED- “bad animal fats”- contains no double bonded carbon atoms UNSATURATED- “ good plant fats”- contains some double bonded carbon atoms

  9. PROTEINS Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and NITROGEN There are 20 different amino acids each contain an AMINO group (NH2) and a CARBOXYL group (COOH)

  10. PROTEINS R GROUP – varies among amino acids and gives different proteins very different shapes Different shapes of proteins allow them to perform different roles.

  11. Monomer / polymer AMINO ACID- PROTEIN-

  12. Making a POLYMER A bond occurs between the OH of the carboxyl of one amino acid and an H of the amine group of another This bond is called a PEPTIDE BOND Proteins are commonly called DIPEPTIDES and POLYPEPTIDES depending on how many amino acids form them.

  13. USES OF PROTEIN -Used to make skin and muscle in animals - Most importantly used as a CATALYST in all living things called ENZYMES

  14. How an enzyme works

  15. NUCLEIC ACIDS Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and NITROGEN and PHOSPHOROUS Examples: RNA and DNA Consists of • Phosphate group • Five carbon sugar • Nitrogen base

  16. Monomer / polymer NUCLEOTIDE- NUCLEIC ACID-

  17. NUCLEOTIDES

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