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Implicit Bias / Implicit Social Cognition. Presented By: CMDR Dave Goble, RAN Commanding Officer Defence International Training Centre. Some images will appear but only for a few seconds each. What is the first thing that you see? Don’t say it out loud. A ‘warm-up’ exercise.
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Implicit Bias / Implicit Social Cognition Presented By: CMDR Dave Goble, RAN Commanding Officer Defence International Training Centre
Some images will appear but only for a few seconds each. What is the first thing that you see? Don’t say it out loud. A ‘warm-up’ exercise
These are called cognitive illusions; specifically, ambiguous illusions. • Occur as a result of ‘unconscious inferences’. • Elicit a perceptual ‘switch’ between alternative interpretations. • What did you see?
So perceptions or tricks of the brain can shape our reality. • Our perceptions result from our experiences, upbringing, education. • Call it conditioning if you like.
Some more images Consider each of the following eight images: What is the first thing that comes to mind when you see each picture? How do you react to each image? Ready? Each image will be shown for only a second or two.
Craig Minogue – One of three found guilty of the 27 March 1986 bombing of the Russell Street Police Headquarters complex in Melbourne, Australia, resulting in one dead and 22 injured.
Martin Bryant: Shooter who on 28-29 April 1996 murdered 35 and wounded another 23 at the historic Port Arthur convict prison site in Tasmania.
Faysal Ishak Ahmed: Manus Island refugee who died on Christmas Eve in Brisbane after being turned away from the Island clinic for “pretending to be sick”
Scope • Bias: Explicit Vs Implicit • Why discuss this here? • What Implicit Bias is not. • Its impact on thinking • In-group vs out-group stereotyping • Bias control • Implicit Bias at DITC
Bias • . . . . prejudice for or against a thing, person, group or situation compared with another, • in a way that could be unfair. • Biases may be held by an individual, group, or institution and can have either negative or positive consequences or both.
Biases can be either: • Explicit: • attitudes and beliefs held about a person, group, situation or thing at a conscious level. • These biases and their expression arise as the direct result of our perceptions and how we interpret these.
Implicit (or unconscious): • the way we judge and/or behave that is the result of cognitive processes outside our awareness; outside our control; happen automatically. • triggered by our brain making quick judgements and assessments of people and situations. • Provide us with a means of short-cutting our decision making, thus we act on our first ‘blink’ of information received. • THUS . . . . :
Whether explicit or implicit, they are not limited to gender, race and ethnicity, although these are well documented. Biases might exist toward any situation. • My own personal characteristics and background might be subject to bias or produce a bias.
I can commit and be seen to commit to egalitarianism and believe that I behave without bias . . . . . . . . yet, under the surface, I possess hidden prejudices that can bias the way I see the world.
It’s not bigotry per se; rather, it is based on a tendency to simplify the social world by dividing it into groups. What might appear as tacit bigotry, could be an example of thinking in terms of ‘us vs them’ or ‘me vs you’. • Question: Do you align yourself with a particular football club? music type? dog breed perhaps? If yes, are you a bigot?
Two-way Dimensions of Social Influence My /Behaviour
Psychological theories • 1. Single process models: attitudes are associations between objects and ‘evaluative knowledge’ of those objects. • 2. Dual process models: view IB and EB as distinct operating principles, being ‘associative’ (impulsive) and ‘propositional’ (assessed truth) processes.
Did Faysal Ishak Ahmed die because of the influence of IB? Did medical staff draw conclusions through associative processes? Did they think or did they respond automatically?
How might this affectclassroom outcomes? • Perceived favouritism. • Disengagement. • Trust and relationship building affected. • The ‘strategic’ teacher: akin to the ‘strategic corporal’. • Worse, the organisation or country is tarred with the same brush. • International reputation tarnished.
IB Awareness at DITC • Mandated for all instructors, teachers and Directing Staff • Part of broader cultural awareness and familiarisation in DITC’s ADC Preparation course for international students attending CDSS and ACSC. • Note: 20 countries across three continents represented.
There is no malice aforethought involved in IB • training instructors and teachers to understand it will not, in itself, eliminate IB. • Understanding IB, recognising it in one’s self, and understanding its effects on groups and individuals, can help to reduce its influence on self and other behaviour.
Some discussion points • Do I have IB? • Do these IBs impact on my program delivery? • How do I diminish the impact of IB? • Can I really diminish it?
