Starter 10/3

1. Starter 10/3 Classifying Items People organize or classify objects for different reasons. Classifying foods into groups, such as grains, vegetables, and fruits helps people plan meals that maintain a healthy diet. Biologists classify organisms into groups that have similar characteristics, which makes the relationships among organisms easier to see. 1. Devise a classification system for the following items: orange, lime, plum, apple, pear, rose, violet, daisy, gold, and silver. 2. Explain what criteria you used to place items into each category of your classification system.

2. Matter – anything that has mass or takes up space. Are these matter? - you, desk, water, dust, air

3. Properties • Properties – characteristics used to describe an object • Ex. Mass, volume, color

4. Mass- is a measure of the amount of matter in anobject.UNITS – grams (g) or kilograms (kg).Volume – is a measure of how much space matter takes up.UNITS- cm3 & m3 OR mL & L

5. Volume of an irregularly shaped solid object • You can not measure an irregularly shaped solid object by using volume= length x width x height • You can measure its volume by measuring the volume of water the object displaces. • The volume of water displaced by the object is equal to it’s volume. 1 ml = 1cm3

6. Matter can be classified into two categories. • 1. Pure Substances: • Element • Compound • 2. Mixture

7. Pure Substance • Matter that ALWAYS has the same composition and properties. • Ex. Every pinch of sugar will be equally sweet as the pinch before. Salt is another example. • (Composition= how something is put together)

8. Elements • Made of only one type of atom • CAN NOT be broken down • Can be solid, liquid or gas • Ex. Hydrogen (H), Neon (Ne)

9. Compounds • Two or more elements CHEMICALLYcombined in a specific ratio • CAN be broken down • Items in a compound take on new properties • Ex. Salt (NaCl) Water (H2O)

10. Classifying Matter • Mixture • two or more elements PHYSICALLY combined with no specific ratio • No specific properties or distribution of parts • NOT A PURE SUBSTANCE

11. Starter 10/4 • What is the formula for calculating volume ? • 2. In 1-2 lines, explain what can you infer from the information given on the chart and how you know. • 3. Calculate the volume of one item.

12. Classified by how well it is mixed • HOMOGENEOUS- very well mixed, can’t pick out the parts • ex. Iced tea, ocean water • HETEROGENEOUS- not well mixed, easily notice different parts • Ex. Salad, chex mix, sand

13. Solutions – when something dissolves to form a homogeneous mixture • Transparent • Kool aid, tap water, chlorine • Suspension- heterogeneous mixture that separates over time • salad dressing, oil and water

14. Starter 10/5 MATTER PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE

15. Starter 10/6 • Combinations of elements can be compounds OR mixtures • In 1-2 lines, describe the difference between compounds & mixtures • 2. Make an inference: which combination could be a mixture? Why?

16. Starter 10/7 • Create two practice quiz questions using your flip book or notes. • Make sure to write out the question and write the answer too. • Quiz your neighbor

17. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Can be used to identify a material • Can be observed without measuring or changing the item’s composition

18. Viscosity – • tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing • Higher = slower moving, thick • Lower = faster moving, thin/runny - Heat decreases viscosity • Hardness- • testing the strength by scratching it against something

19. Conductivity • allows heat or electricity through it • Metals are good conductors • Malleability • Ability to hammer (mallet) out without breaking • Opposite = brittle

20. Density: d= m/v • amount of mass inside an object’s shape • Unit – g/cm3 • Dense objects feel heavier because they have lots of matter tightly packed in their shape • The density of water is1.0 g/cm3 • Objects with density less than 1.0 g/cm3 will float.

21. FIND THE DENSITY • The block’s mass is 90 g Height (2 cm) Width (3 cm) Length (5 cm)

22. Melting Point • temperature when substances change from Solid  liquid • Boiling Point • temperature when substances boil ***changes for each substance***

23. Chemical Properties • Chemical Property • something that leads to a change in composition of matter

24. Flammability – • ability to burn when oxygen is present • Can be a good and bad property (lighter fluid SHOULD be flammable, Carpet is bad to be flammable) • Solids, liquids or gases.

25. Reactivity- • the ability to combine with another substance easily • Oxygen reacts with most substances • Causes rusting of metals, allows fire to burn • Nitrogen is not very reactive and is often added to reduce the other element side effects

26. Flammability – • ability to burn when oxygen is present • Can be a good and bad property (lighter fluid SHOULD be flammable, Carpet is bad to be flammable) • Solids, liquids or gases.

27. Reactivity- • the ability to combine with another substance easily • Oxygen reacts with most substances • Causes rusting of metals, allows fire to burn • Nitrogen is not very reactive and is often added to reduce the other element side effects

28. Starter 10/9 • Which is the MOST dense item? • Which is the LEAST dense item? • Which items will float? • Draw a diagram of what a beaker might look like if you put water, oil and a cork in it.

29. Starter – 10/10

30. Starter 10/11 Creating and Interpreting Graphs Many people have pets. One survey of pet owners showed the following breakdown of the type of pets owned: 35% dogs; 35% cats; 10% birds; 5% hamsters, gerbils, mice, rats; 5% reptiles; and 10% other. 1. Copy the incomplete circle graph below on your paper. Complete the graph using the survey data. Estimate the angle of each section of your completed circle graph. Give your graph a title and label what each section of the graph represents. 2. In 1-2 lines, explain how viewing a graph might be easier for the reader