html5-img
1 / 59

Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Entering the World Stage. Starter #1: Tuesday 10/16. Read the Inside Story, Why did the United States buy Alaska? on pg. 200 Define Imperialism Why was Russia interested in selling Alaska in 1867?

alec
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 7

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 7 Entering the World Stage

  2. Starter #1: Tuesday 10/16 • Read the Inside Story, Why did the United States buy Alaska? on pg. 200 • Define Imperialism • Why was Russia interested in selling Alaska in 1867? • Why did many people think Secretary of State Seward had made a big mistake? Were they right? Explain.

  3. Chapter 7 Section 1The Lure of Imperialism • Imperialist Activity • 1870s to 1910s a few industrialized nations began to compete for territory in Africa, Asia, and Latin America • Imperialism: Extension of a nation’s power over other lands • Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, and Japan had begun, US would soon follow

  4. Economic Interests • Industrial Revolution brought great prosperity • Looking for other nations for new customer and new places to invest • Look for new sources of raw materials for factories

  5. Military Needs • Created strong navies to defend shores and protect trade interests • Sought foreign territory so ships could have a base to refuel and make repairs • Look for strategic places

  6. Ideology • 2 popular ideologies contributed to imperialism • Strong sense of Nationalism: Love of one’s country • Felt territorial conquests enhanced a nation’s power and prestige

  7. Culture Superiority • Felt conquered nations were “backward” less industry • Social Darwinism: when nations competed against one another, only the fittest would survive • Wanted to “civilize” the inhabitants of less developed countries, spread the benefits of Western society

  8. The Scramble for Territory • Late 1800s European imperial powers had taken control of vast territories in Africa, Asia, and Latin America • British Empire alone ruled about ¼ of the world’s land and population • American’s felt it was time, prospect of new markets and military advantages made attractive • Mid 1800s Manifest Destiny allowed to move west, now wanted to move beyond shoreline to claim distant islands

  9. Taking Control of Hawaii • Background • Became interested in Hawaii in late 1800s • 2000 miles west of California • Ideal spot for coaling stations and naval bases for ships traveling to and from Asia

  10. Early Contact • 1778 Captain James Cook from Great Britain brought Hawaii to the attention of the outside world • After Cook’s arrival Chief Kamehameha united 8 islands, established monarchy • 1820s US ships began arriving with traders and missionaries • Many began to settle and raise crops and sugarcane • Foreigners brought disease, population when from 300,000 in 1770 to 40,000 by 1893

  11. Sugar Cane • 1. Investors in sugar industry began increasing their control with the influx of Americans • 4. Kalakaua became king 1874, strongly nationalistic • 5. He resented Americans; wanted Hawaiians back in power • 6. Negotiated treaty in 1875 allowed Hawaiian sugar to enter US tax free – made Hawaiian sugar cheaper than others

  12. Plotting against the King • 1. Hawaiian League: purpose was to overthrow the monarchy and establish democracy in Hawaii under our control • 3. League forced the King at gunpoint to sign a new constitution • 5. Economy suffered a huge blow when US revoked Sugar Treaty

  13. End of Monarchy • Queen Liliuokalani • Hawaiian nationalist, do away with Bayonet Constitution • Business community plotted to overthrow her • US sent Marines to go ashore and surround royal palace • Surrendered January 17, 1893

  14. Annexation • 1. To append or attach, especially to a larger or more significant thing. • 2. To incorporate (territory) into an existing political unit such as a country, state, county, or city. • 3. To add or attach, as an attribute, condition, or consequence.

  15. Annexation • President Cleveland ordered investigation • Condemned overthrow • Dole refused to step down & Cleveland refused to send in military • Standstill until McKinley was elected • 1898 became American territory • 1959 became our 50th state

  16. Influence in China • US traveling to China since 1784 • China primarily closed to outside influence until 1842 when Britain forced ports to open • 1895 Japan, Russia, France, & Germany all joined • Sphere of Influence: geographic area where an outside nation exerts special economic or political control

  17. China • Afraid we were losing money • Open Door Policy: give all nations equal trading rights in China • No one agreed or disagreed • Hay declared it’s approval • Boxer Rebellion: anti-foreign sentiment grew, began attacking foreign ministers • Western nations came to rescue • Realized competition among themselves would hurt their ability to exploit China

  18. Influence in Japan • Pressured by US, Japan signed a treaty in 1854 agreeing to trade with the US • Embarked on program of rapid modernization • Russo-Japanese War • Took toll on both sides • Roosevelt negotiated peace treaty • Knew Japan was hungry for territory, very little natural resources • Great White Fleet – 43,000 mile journey

  19. Which of the following was NOT a reason countries imperialized? • Ideology • Economic • Superiority • Military

  20. Which of the following DOES NOT describe the economic reasons countries imperialized? • Raw Materials • National Pride • New Markets • Money

  21. Which of the following DOES NOT describe the reasons countries imperialized for military reasons? • Social Darwinism • Strategic locations for trade • Coaling stations • Military bases

  22. One factor that motivated U.S. imperialism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was the • Development of closer political ties with European nations • Closing of China to all foreign trade • Support of international peacekeeping organizations • Acquisition of new markets and sources of raw materials

  23. In 1898, U.S. support for Cuban independence led to war with Spain and contributed to the United States becoming an imperial powerWhat was a decisive factor in the decision to go to war? • The opportunity to annex Hawaii • The desire to acquire a naval base • The protection of U.S. commerce and trade • The need for a shorter route from the Atlantic to the Pacific

  24. Which of the following DOES NOT describe the reasons for Ideological Imperialism? • Social Darwinism • Christianize • Nationalism • Locations

  25. In the 19th century, European countries claimed that the conquest of Africa would bring the benefits of Western civilization to that continent.From the perspective of African peoples, the effect was • Loss of political independence • Fewer agricultural products for foreign trade • New national boundaries based on ethnic and cultural similarities • Global appreciation for African cultures and encouragement of their development

  26. There was a connection between industrial expansion and European imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. • Did imperialism increase or decrease as a result of industrialization? • Explain why this change occurred.

  27. Starter #10: Thurs 10/14 • Read the Faces of History on page 203 • What can you infer about the goals of Queen Liliuokalani’s movement? • Look at the Skills Focus on page 204 • How are the foreigners depicted in the image?

  28. Starter #2: Monday 10/22 • Read The Inside Story on page 206 • Why did William Randolph Hearst send Frederic Remington to Cuba? • What would Hearst’s motivation have been for furnishing the war in Cuba?

  29. Simmering Unrest in Cuba • 1890s only 2 Spanish colonies remained in Western Hemisphere • Cuba & Puerto Rico • Cubans wanted independence • Leaders were exiled • Jose Marti • Exiled to NYC, urged Cubans to fight for independence through articles & poetry

  30. Americans Get War Fever • Sympathetic to Cuban cause • Reminded them of American Revolution

  31. Media’s Role • Newspapers – main source of news • New York Journal • William Randolph Hearst • New York World • Joseph Pulitzer • Yellow Journalism • Scandalous stories, large shocking illustrations, sensationalist reporting • Both papers used only Cuban sources, huge bias • Sold papers

  32. De Lome Letter • Hearst felt US should intervene in Cuba • Sent artist to Cuba to draw pictures of Spanish cruelty • McKinley reluctant to get involved • De Lome Letter • letter from Spain’s minster to US, intercepted, ridiculed McKinley for being “weak and catering to the rabble” • Journal claimed – worst insult to US in its history

  33. Explosion of the USS Maine • Final Straw • Ship sent to Havana to protect American lives & property • Feb 15, 1898 Maine blew up • Killed 260 sailors • Journal blamed Spanish • No proof • Historians now claim it was a fire in the coal room • “Remember the Maine!” • McKinley demanded Cuba’s independence • Declared war April 25, 1898 • Spanish American War began

  34. Spanish-American War: Philippines • 4 months long – fought on 2 fronts: Cuba & Philippines • Philippines • Spanish Colony • George Dewey ordered to attack once war declared • Page 208-209 • Battle of Manila Bay • Easy victory, few hours, no American lives were lost

  35. Spanish-American War: Cuba • Teller Amendment: “leave the government and control of the Island to its people” • War conditions in Cuba were bad • Rough Riders • Led by Theodore Roosevelt, college athletes, cowboys, ranchers, supposed to be cavalry unit, horses didn’t arrive

  36. Consequences of the War • Spain had to give up • Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines • “Splendid little war” (pg. 210) • Costs: $250 million & 2000 lives • US moved into the ranks of imperialist nations • More bases for trade & navy • Expansionists happy – but not all agreed

  37. Annexing the Philippines • FOR • Duty to spread values • “educate the Filipinos, uplift, civilize, & Christianize” • Located on route to China, useful to refuel & resupply ships • Wanted to take before Germany or Japan did

  38. Annexing the Philippines • AGAINST • Violate ideal of self-government – the foundation of the American system • African Americans – “the duty of the President and country is to reform these crying domestic wrongs and not attempt the civilization of alien peoples by powder and shot” • Open doors to more immigrants • Hurt American workers

  39. American Rule • Fierce debate – Senate narrowly approved annexation Feb 6, 1899 • Filipino nationalists infuriated • Trade one set of rulers for another • Trying to fight for their independence • Emilio Aguialdo • Led fight against US –after 3 years and 4000 US lives, he was removed from power • Independence given to Philippines on July 4, 1946 (pg. 212)

  40. What was Yellow Journalism? 30 • Newspapers that were yellow • Exaggerated, Sensationalized writings • Journalism used in a mediocre way • Pictures taken during wartimes

  41. What was the final straw for US entry into the Spanish-American War? 30 • De Lome Letter • Rough Riders • Bombing of Pearl Harbor • Sinking of the USS Maine

  42. Which of the following does NOT describe Annexation? 30 • Attach • Add in addition to • Incorporate • Attic

  43. Starter #12: Tuesday 10/19 • Read Editorial on page 208 • Whom does the Journal blame for the deaths on the Maine? • What suggests that the Journal is biased against Spain? • Read the Counterpoints on page 211 • How does each senator invoke the Declaration of Independence in his argument?

  44. Starter #8: Tuesday 10/25 • Read The Inside Story on page 213 • How was naval power a “big stick”? • The new canal would save ships traveling between the Atlantic and Pacific from having to go around South America. How would this be in the American interest?

  45. Roosevelt & Latin America • After War – President McKinley set up military governments on each island • CUBA • Yellow Fever, very deadly during war • 85% people infected died • Tracked it to mosquitoes, drained standing water • 6 months, Yellow Fever eliminated

  46. US control over Cuba • Platt Amendment • limited Cuba’s ability to sign treaties with other nations • allowed US to intervene in Cuban affairs • required Cuba to sell or lease land to US for naval stations • gave US rights to naval base at Guantanamo Bay • Protectorate: a country under the control and protection of another country • Amendment repealed, still received Guantanamo Bay

  47. Governing Puerto Rico • Governed as a territory • Foraker Act of 1900 • Established that US would appoint Puerto Rico’s governor and upper house of its legislature, voters would only elect lower house • 1917 law gave US citizenship to Puerto Rican voters, and allowed to vote on leaders • 1952 self-governing commonwealth of the USA • US still controls certain matters

  48. The Panama Canal • Dreamed of a faster way to move between the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans • 50 mile wide Isthmus of Panama • French company tried to build canal – went bankrupt & abanonded

  49. US Interest • 1902 US bought rights to the canal the French started • Secretary of State John Hay began negotiations with Columbia to gain permanent use of land • 1903 treaty for Canal zone written • Colombia Senate did not ratify

  50. Panama’s Revolt • Panamanian revolutionaries wanted to break free from Columbian rule • Roosevelt supported because he wanted the canal land • Revolt lasted one day • Panama declared independence • US recognized • Treaty was granted that gave us complete and unending sovereignty over a 10-mile canal zone

More Related