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Cell Structure

Cell Structure. Smallest unit that is capable of life functions!. Common Cell Traits. Cell Membrane-outer covering of a cell that allows materials in and out of the cell. Cytoplasm-gelatin-like material inside the cell. Hereditary material-controls the life of the cell. Comparing Cells.

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Cell Structure

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  1. Cell Structure Smallest unit that is capable of life functions!

  2. Common Cell Traits • Cell Membrane-outer covering of a cell that allows materials in and out of the cell. • Cytoplasm-gelatin-like material inside the cell. • Hereditary material-controls the life of the cell.

  3. Comparing Cells • Many sizes. (1 M, dot of an i for an egg cell, 1/10 of that is a red blood cell and 8,000 bacteria can fit in your RBC!) Wow that is small! • Cell shape can tell you about their function. • Some cells can change shape some not.

  4. 2 Major cell types • Prokaryotic-cells w/o membrane bound structures. • Eukaryotic- cells w membrane bound structures.

  5. Structures of the cell • Cell wall- (only in plants, algae, bacteria, and fungi). Rigid outer coverings that protect and give cells shape. Made of cellulose and pectin. • Cell Membrane-regulates interactions between cell and the environment. Things enter and exit through here. • Cytoplasm-fluid inside the cell where chemical reactions take place. Cytoskeleton is found there which allows cell to keep shape or move.

  6. Structures of the cell • Nucleus-directs all cell activity and is membrane bound. Contains DNA which is the hereditary material.

  7. NRG Processing Organelles • Chloroplast- Found in plants. Contains chlorophyll which is the green pigment in plants. It takes energy from the sun and changes it into glucose. (sugar) • Mitochondria-take food for energy and release CO2 and H2O.

  8. Manufacturing Organelles • Ribosomes- make protein for the cells. Needed in membranes and for chemical rxns. -Either free floating - Found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

  9. Processing, Transporting and Storing • Endoplasmic reticulum- (ER) folded membranes which materials can be processed and moved around the inside of the cell. • Rough ER- has ribosomes and makes proteins. • Smooth ER- no ribosomes and processes lipids and stores NRG. • Golgi Bodies-stacked flat membranes that sort proteins and package them into vesicles. • Vacuoles-temporary storage space.

  10. Recycling Organelles • Lysosomes- breaks down food molecules, cell wastes and worn-out cell parts.

  11. Cell to Organism • Multi-celled organisms the cells work together to make an organisms! WOW! • Tissue- is a group of cells that work together to do one job. • Organ- Group of tissues that work together. • Organ System-group of organs working together to perform a certain function.

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