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Participle Review

Participle Review. Present Active Perfect Passive Perfect deponent (“Active”). Participles are VERBAL ADJECTIVES. Verbal Formed from a verb i.e. an ACTION is involved Adjectival Describes a person, place, or thing Must AGREE with the noun it describes in PERSON NUMBER GENDER.

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Participle Review

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  1. Participle Review Present Active Perfect Passive Perfect deponent (“Active”)

  2. Participles are VERBAL ADJECTIVES • Verbal • Formed from a verb • i.e. an ACTION is involved • Adjectival • Describes a person, place, or thing • Must AGREE with the noun it describes in • PERSON • NUMBER • GENDER

  3. VOICE • Active • DOES action • He throws the ball. • She sings a song. • They write plays. • Passive • RECEIVES action • A ball is (being) thrown by him. • A song is (being) sung by her. • Plays are (being) written by them. • NOTE: voice has NOTHING to do with tense. PASSIVE voice, is NOT the same as PAST tenses.

  4. TENSE • WHEN the action occurs. • Present • I sing/I do sing/ I am singing • Imperfect • I was singing/I used to sing • Perfect • I sang/I did sing/ I have sung • Pluperfect • I had sung

  5. Putting it all together… • A PRESENT ACTIVE participle: • Describes a noun. • But unlike a normal adjective, it involves ACTION. • DOES the action. • Is happening AT THE SAME TIME as the main action of the sentence. • I see the RUNNING man. • A PERFECT PASSIVE participle: • Describes a noun. • But unlike a normal adjective, it involves ACTION. • RECEIVES the action. • Happened BEFORE the main action of the sentence. • The boys, HAVING BEEN CALLED, returned home.

  6. What do these look like? Present Active Perfect Passive • 2nd part of the verb 4th part of verb • 3rd decl. endings 1st/2nd decl. endings • ___ us/a/um • 1s i/ae/i • i o/ae/o • em um/am/um • e o/ā/o • esi/ae/a • um orum/arum/orum • ibus is/is/is • esos/as/a • ibus is/is/is

  7. One last type of participle: • PERFECT DEPONENT • When does the action take place? • How do you know this? • What does it mean to be a “deponent?” • This refers to a specific subset of verbs that are a bit weird. They look PASSIVE, but are translated ACTIVE. • In other words, although they look EXACTLY the same as perfect PASSIVE participles, we translate them to show that they DID the action. • Perfect PASSIVE participle = • Having BEEN verbED • Perfect DEPONENT participle= • HAVING verbED.

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